Effect of Implicit Learning Methods With the External Focus of Attention on Bowling Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Control Trial Study.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to compare implicit learning methods with an emphasis on the external focus of attention on bowling skill in autistic children.

Method: Twenty children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were selected. After the participants were randomly divided into two groups, the pretest was performed, evaluating the participants both quantitatively (score of bowling pins falling) and qualitatively (TGMD3 subscale test of underhand ball throwing).

The Correlation between Malocclusion and Body Posture and Cervical Vertebral, Podal System, and Gait Parameters in Children: A Systematic Review.

: This study investigates the relationship between malocclusion and body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters in children. : A systematic review of observational studies from 2010 to 2023 was conducted and 24 cross-sectional studies involving 6199 participants were identified. These studies were categorized into those dealing with body posture (10 studies, 3601 participants), cervical vertebral column and head posture (6 studies, 644 participants), the podal system (5 studies, 1118 participants), and gait (3 studies, 836 participants).

Effect of Various Hydration Strategies on Work Intensity and Selected Physiological Indices in Young Male Athletes during Prolonged Physical Exercise at High Ambient Temperatures.

: In high temperatures, adequate hydration is vital for sustained physical exercise. This study explores the effect of three hydration strategies on physiological indices and work intensity. : The research involved 12 healthy males who engaged in three test series, each separated by a one-week interval.

Concentration levels of selected hormones in judokas and the extent of their changes during a special performance test at different ambient temperatures.

Background: There is little scientific literature available on the diversity of physiological responses of judokas to anaerobic interval exercises in warm environments. Understanding the dynamics of changes in the concentration of selected hormones during a special endurance test at different ambient temperatures may have significant practical value, as it provides an opportunity for optimal programming and monitoring of the training process. So, the main aim of the research was to survey interval anaerobic exercises in different ambient temperatures on Concentration levels of selected hormones in judokas.

The effect of foot posture on static balance, ankle and knee proprioception in 18-to-25-year-old female student: a cross-sectional study.

Background & Purpose: Afferent input from the sole affects postural stability. Cutaneous reflexes from the foot are important to posture and gait. Lower-limb afferents alone provide enough information to maintain upright stance and are critical in perceiving postural sway.

The Influence of Various Hydration Strategies (Isotonic, Water, and No Hydration) on Hematological Indices, Plasma Volume, and Lactate Concentration in Young Men during Prolonged Cycling in Elevated Ambient Temperatures.

Background: Increased internal body temperature during dehydration can be accompanied by water-electrolyte imbalances, higher levels of lactate during and after physical exertion, and changes in blood volume. Adequate hydration with carbohydrate-electrolyte fluids during physical activity can prevent dehydration and delay the onset of fatigue, allowing for proper biochemical and hematological reactions during exertion. A suitable drinking plan should consider the pre-exercise hydration level as well as the requirements for fluids, electrolytes, and substrates before, during, and after exercise.

The Use of Neurofeedback in Sports Training: Systematic Review.

Biofeedback training is a method commonly used in various fields of life, for example, in medicine, sports training or business. In recent studies, it has been shown that biofeedback, and neurofeedback, can affect the performance of professional athletes. Training based on the neurofeedback method includes exercising the brain waves.

Manipulation of task constraints is the most effective motor learning method for reducing risk factors for ACL injury during side-step cutting in both male and female athletes.

This study compared the efficacy of linear, non-linear and differential methods on variables related to ACL injury risk of a side-step cutting task in male and female basketball players. Thirty males and thirty females practiced basketball skills in sixty 90-minute sessions across 5 months. Ten players trained in each of the LP, NLP and DL female/male groups separately.

The efficacy of cognitive-motor rehabilitation on cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children: Specification of near-transfer and far-transfer effects in comparison to medication.

Background And Aim: This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of cognitive-motor rehabilitation (CMR) with methylphenidate on cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specified the near-transfer and far-transfer effects.

Materials And Methods: The research was semiexperimental with posttest and follow-up assessments, in a single-blind design. Forty-eight boys with ADHD, aged 9-12, were selected conveniently regarding the inclusion/exclusion criteria, matched base on severity and Intelligence quotient (IQ) and were randomly assigned to CMR ( = 16), methylphenidate medication (MED, = 16), and placebo CMR groups (PCMR, = 16).

Comparison of unilateral and bilateral strength ratio, strength, and knee proprioception in older male fallers and non-fallers.

Background: Asymmetry of lower limb muscle strength and knee proprioception have been linked with risk of falling among elderly with and without history of falling.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the comparison of hamstrings to quadriceps strength ratio (CSR) and bilateral knee strength ratio, hamstrings and quadriceps muscles' strength and knee proprioception in elderly male fallers and non-fallers.

Methods: Sixty older adults, 65 years and older were recruited into faller (fell twice in the last six months) and non-faller groups.

Can different training methods reduce the kinematic risk factors of ACL injuries in children?

According to the research, a lack of neuromuscular control is a major cause of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during locomotion. This study aimed to determine the influence of various prescriptive and Constrained Led Approach (CLA) training approaches on lower extremity kinematics and stride length in children aged 3-5 years old while walking and running. Thirty-six children with a mean age of 4.

The effects of learning with various noise on Gait Kinematics in 3-to-5-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Lack of the neuromuscular control during locomotion in the knee joint leads to an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in children. Hence, we aimed to explore the effects of a repetitive, model-oriented, and self-organized approach on lower limb kinematics during gait in children.

Methods: In randomized controlled trial, 36 children with 4 ± 0.

External Focus or Differential Learning: Is There an Additive Effect on Learning a Futsal Goal Kick?

(1) Background: How to optimally promote the process of acquiring and learning a new motor skill is still one of the fundamental questions often raised in training and movement science, rehabilitation, and physical education. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of differential learning (DL) and the elements of OPTIMAL theory on learning a goal-kicking skill in futsal, especially under the conditions of external and internal foci. (2) Methods: A total of 40 female beginners were randomly assigned to, and equally distributed among, five different interventions.

Cognitive functional therapy as a complementary treatment for posture and disability of chronic neck pain: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of scapular stabilization exercise with and without cognitive functional therapy (CFT) on disability and scapular kinematics in people suffering from chronic neck pain.

Methods: A total of 72 patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were randomized into scapular stabilization exercise alone, n = 24, combined (scapular stabilization exercise + CFT), n = 24, and a control group, n = 24. Scapular kinematic and disability were measured at baseline and after the intervention.

Pain Neuroscience Education Combined with Therapeutic Exercises Provides Added Benefit in the Treatment of Chronic Neck Pain.

Background: Chronic neck pain is common in the adult general population. Although the etiology of chronic neck pain is under debate, it is clear that chronic neck pain is multifactorial, with both physical and psychosocial contributors.

Objective: To determine whether adding pain neuroscience education (PNE) to therapeutic exercises improved their pain-disability index, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain self-efficacy in subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain.

Effect of Heel-First Strike Gait on Knee and Ankle Mechanics.

: Acquiring knowledge about the magnitude and direction of induced joint forces during modifying gait strategies is critical for proper exercise prescription. The present study aimed to evaluate whether a heel-first strike pattern during gait can affect the biomechanical characteristics of ankle and knee joints among asymptomatic people. : In this cross-sectional study performed in the biomechanics laboratory, 13 professional healthy male athletes walked on an instrumented walkway under two walking conditions.

Motor learning methods that induce high practice variability reduce kinematic and kinetic risk factors of non-contact ACL injury.

The prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often involves movement training, but the effectiveness of different motor learning methods has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effects of linear pedagogy (LP), nonlinear pedagogy (NLP) and differential learning (DL) motor learning methods on changing kinetic and kinematic factors during expected sidestep cutting related to non-contact ACL injuries. These methods primarily differ in the amount and type of movement variability they induce during practice.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Caspian Cobra (Naja naja oxiana) Snake Venom on the Serum Level of Interleukin-27 and Histopathological Changes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitisinduced Mice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a chronic disease of the central nervous system, with a strong neurodegenerative component. The exact mechanism of MS is not clear. However, the therapeutic strategies for controlling MS are based on immune modulation and inflammation control.

Postural sway changes in genu recurvatum deformity during standing with manipulation of visual and proprioceptive systems.

Objectives: Genu recurvatum deformity shifts the mechanical axis of lower extremity posteriorly which may disturb the balance and lead to injury. The aim of this research was to compare postural sways in genu recurvatum subjects with healthy controls while manipulating visual and proprioceptive systems.

Methods: 10 female subjects with genu recurvatum (20.

Anxiety, Self-Compassion, Gender Differences and COVID-19: Predicting Self-Care Behaviors and Fear of COVID-19 Based on Anxiety and Self-Compassion with an Emphasis on Gender Differences.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has different effects on people's psychological and social aspects. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, self-compassion, and gender differences with self-care behaviors and fear of COVID-19 in Kermanshah. In the cross-sectional study, 403 people answered online questions on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) Scale, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and a questionnaire focusing on COVID-19-related behavior.

Center of pressure excursion and muscle activation during gait initiation in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability.

The aim of the current study was to determine differences in center of pressure (COP)excursion and muscle activation during gait initiation (GI) in those with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Thirty-four participants, 17 per group, volunteered to participate. Participants were asked to stand barefoot on a force plate before initiating gait upon hearing an auditory cue.

The effects of general fatigue induced by incremental exercise test and active recovery modes on energy cost, gait variability and stability in male soccer players.

The aerobic endurance is considered an important physiological capacity of soccer players which is examined by Incremental Exercise Test (IET). However, it is not clear how general fatigue induced by IET influences physiological and biomechanical gait features in soccer players and how players recover optimally at post-IET. Here, the effect of general fatigue induced by IET on energy cost, gait variability and stability in soccer players was investigated.

The Key Role of Akt Protein Kinase in Metabolic-Inflammatory Pathways Cross-Talk: TNF-α Down-Regulation and Improving of Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cell Line.

Background: Elevation of plasma free fatty acids as a principal aspect of type 2 diabetes maintains etiologically insulin insensitivity in target cells. TNF-α inhibitory effects on key insulin signaling pathway elements remain to be verified in insulinresistant hepatic cells. Thus, TNF-α knockdown effects on the key elements of insulin signaling were investigated in the palmitate-induced insulin-resistant hepatocytes.

Association Between Immunologic and Virologic Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with HIV, Tehran, Iran.

Background: With recent progress in the treatment of people living with HIV (PLWH) and their increased rate of survival, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important issue.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of current CD4 cell count, baseline CD4 cell count, nadir CD4 cell count, and plasma viral load with health-related quality of life in PLWH.

Methods: Participants were 67 PLWH who were under the treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran in 2016.