Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions for Preventing Obesity in Children: A Narrative Review.

The global rise in overweight and obesity among children presents significant health challenges. Schools, as key social environments, can effectively influence children's dietary and physical activity habits due to the substantial time students spend there. School-based interventions can reach nearly all children and impact their environment's sociocultural and policy aspects to promote healthier habits.

The Association Between Janus Kinase 2 and Factor V Leiden Mutations and Thrombotic Complications in Patients With Myeloproliferative Disorders: A Study From Saudi Arabia.

Background The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutations are related to increased thrombotic risk in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). However, little is known about whether inherited thrombophilia represents an additive risk factor in mutated subjects. We addressed the association between combined mutations of JAK2 and factor V Leiden (FVL) and thrombotic complications in Saudi Arabian patients with MPDs.

Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes of Simultaneous Rhinoplasty and Lip Lift Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Rhinoplasty and lip lift surgeries are pivotal procedures in facial aesthetics, addressing nose and lip enhancements, respectively. The concurrent execution of these surgeries has gained popularity for achieving improved facial balance and harmony. However, data on the outcomes of combined rhinoplasty and lip lift procedures remain limited.

Impact of Surgical Timing on Outcomes in Patients With Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review.

This study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the existing studies to determine how patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) respond to surgical intervention at different times following their diagnosis. To locate studies that met the inclusion criteria, a thorough computerized search of relevant databases was carried out. A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to locate relevant material.

Prevalence and determinants of low back pain among residents in Abha City, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Healthcare work is a major risk for having musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LBP and define its associated risk factors among resident physicians.

Material And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among all resident physicians of all specialties in Abha city during the period from July 2020 to September 2020.

Saudi Health System and Health Security Structure: A Scope Review Study Addressing the National Need for Governing the Health Security.

Health security has gained significant attention at the national and global levels, "security" is not a simple term; instead, it is "essentially contested" - that is, it induces debates about what it means and how to use it. This study aimed to define three terms frequently used in health security discussions. These terms are national health security, Global Health Security, and public health.

A Case Report of Migraine With Hypoplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery.

Migraine, a widespread and incapacitating neurological disorder, affects numerous individuals worldwide, causing severe headaches and impairing their quality of life. The interplay of genetic, environmental, and neurovascular factors underlies the pathophysiology of migraine. This report highlights the case of a 25-year-old woman with recurrent, severe headaches, predominantly in the right frontal and temporal regions.

Impact of Concurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Complication Rates after Endonasal Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Single-Center Experience.

 Preoperative planning of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is essential. The safety of performing surgery before managing sinus pathologies including concurrent chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients undergoing ESBS has been questioned. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the complication rates between patients with and without CRS undergoing ESBS.

Awareness of healthcare providers on environment-friendly practices in operating rooms in selected hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Climate change will have a great impact on humanity in upcoming years and will affect the health of all living creatures. Hospitals play a significant role in climate change due to their substantial waste production and they are considered a profound pollution source, with the Operating Theater as a main contributor. This study was aimed to examine the level of knowledge among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia concerning the proper implementation of operating room (OR) environmental procedures and efficient management of hospital waste.

Awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the general population in Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common but preventable disease and has a prevalence of 5%-14% in the general population. It is characterized by airflow limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. In this survey, we aimed to assess the awareness of COPD among the general population in the Aseer Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

NAFLD and nutraceuticals: a review of completed phase III and IV clinical trials.

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has become a significant public health concern, affecting approximately one-fourth of the population. Despite its prevalence, no FDA-approved drug treatments specifically target NAFLD.

Aim: To provide a review of clinical trials investigating the use of herbal remedies and dietary supplements in NAFLD management, utilizing the ClinicalTrials.

Mucocele of the Paranasal Sinuses: Retrospective Analysis of a Series of Eight Cases.

Background:  Paranasal sinus mucoceles are epithelium-lined cystic masses usually resulting from obstruction of sinus ostia. They most frequently occur in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. The etiology is not clarified, but the most common identifiable cause of mucoceles following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), trauma, neoplasms, and allergy.

Global Advancement in Pharmacy Services for Mental Health: A Review for Evidence-Based Practices.

The symptoms of psychiatric infirmities have variability, and selected drug regimens for mental illness are comparatively complex and individualized; therefore, pharmacy services vary with respect to patients, diseases, healthcare settings, community structures, and countries. Clinical pharmacy services for mental health (MH) are continuously being upgraded. A structured search of the literature was performed in the Cochrane, PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer Links databases.

Classification of Endoscopic Transnasal Lateral Skull Base Approaches: Anatomical Study.

Objective: Endoscopic transnasal approaches (ETAs) to the ventrolateral skull base are commonly classified according to coronal planes or anatomical structures. Our goal is to simplify the description of the ETA to lateral skull base regions in a sequential dissection with correlation to computed tomography, helping in preoperative planning and efficient surgical exposure, and exposing the surgical anatomy limitations.

Methods: Five freshly injected cadaver heads were dissected using an extended ETA to the lateral skull base.

Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) with Potential Anticancer Activity towards Prostate Cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) play a vital role in various cellular incidents such as the proliferation and death of cells during carcinogenesis. Hence, regulation of these biomarkers could be a promising tool for controlling tumor progression using nanoformulations. Silver nanoparticles-poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (AgNPs-PVP) were prepared using the reduction of silver nitrate and stabilized with PVP.

Biologic Therapy for Refractory Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are treatments for several cancer types. Pathogenesis of ICI-induced colitis is not yet clearly explained as it can be disguised as another form such as inflammatory bowel disease or IBD. Recent studies revealed that ICI-induced colitis is a unique form of colitis wherein the synergy of regulatory T cells with the gut microbiome is involved.

Nasoseptal flap and rigid reconstruction in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries: The longitudinal experience of a single center.

Background: Recently, endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) have been used for skull base defect reconstruction surgeries. The nasoseptal flap (NSF), a vascular pedicled flap, was introduced to decrease postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.

Purposes: This study aimed to outline the authors' institutional experience using NSF and rigid implants in anterior skull base defect reconstruction surgeries following EEA.

Presentation and outcomes of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from the Middle East-a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a striking impact on healthcare services in the world. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation management and outcomes of acute appendicitis (AA) in different centers in the Middle East.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study compared the presentation and outcomes of patients with AA who presented during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to patients who presented before the onset of the pandemic.

Topical Intranasal Fluorescein to Diagnose and Localize Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This study evaluates the available evidence regarding using topical intranasal fluorescein (TINF) to diagnose and localize nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, the Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Ovid to identify the articles providing insight into using TINF to diagnose CSF leak preoperatively or to localize the leak intraoperatively. The articles from the database were screened and filtered by two authors according to the selection criteria.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Compared with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A Radiological Perspective.

Background: This study aims to describe the radiological findings in chest radiographs (CXRs) of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and to compare the radiological patterns of the two diseases.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. The CXRs were evaluated for the presence and distribution of ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, cavitation, and nodules.

Utilization of telemedicine in rhinologic practice during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The only two preventive interventions available for COVID-19 have been social distancing and quarantine. These preventive measures challenge health care providers by causing cancelations of elective in-person outpatient clinic visits in many hospitals, particularly in otolaryngology clinics.

Objectives: To assess the applicability and feasibility of telemedicine in rhinology cases with a study of outcomes to guide rhinologists on indications of in-office visits.