Targeting GSK-3β for adipose dysfunction and cardiovascular complications of metabolic disease: An entangled WNT/β-catenin question.

Individuals with metabolic syndrome have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disorders that is closely tied to visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, as well as an altered interaction between adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system. In metabolic syndrome, adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with increased hypertrophy, reduced vascularization, and hypoxia of adipocytes, leading to a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory environment. Among the pathways regulating adipose tissue homeostasis is the wingless-type mammary tumor virus integration site family (Wnt) signaling pathway, with both its canonical and non-canonical arms.

Pulmonary and Medullary Tuberculosis: An Uncommon Cause of Evans Syndrome in Adults.

Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare syndrome characterised by the association of autoimmune idiopathic hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and, less commonly, autoimmune neutropenia (AIN). ES may be primary or secondary to some aetiology, including, exceptionally, tuberculosis. We describe a case of association between pulmonary and medullary tuberculosis and Evans syndrome with an effective response to antitubercular treatment and corticosteroids.

Exploring the Applications of Explainability in Wearable Data Analytics: Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Wearable technologies have become increasingly prominent in health care. However, intricate machine learning and deep learning algorithms often lead to the development of "black box" models, which lack transparency and comprehensibility for medical professionals and end users. In this context, the integration of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a crucial solution.

Developing and disseminating an electronic penicillin allergy de-labelling tool using the model for improvement framework.

Background: Many clinicians feel uncomfortable with de-labelling penicillin allergies despite ample safety data. Point of care tools effectively support providers with de-labelling. This study's objective was to increase the number of providers intending to pursue a penicillin oral challenge by 15% by February 2023.

Semi-supervised contour-driven broad learning system for autonomous segmentation of concealed prohibited baggage items.

With the exponential rise in global air traffic, ensuring swift passenger processing while countering potential security threats has become a paramount concern for aviation security. Although X-ray baggage monitoring is now standard, manual screening has several limitations, including the propensity for errors, and raises concerns about passenger privacy. To address these drawbacks, researchers have leveraged recent advances in deep learning to design threat-segmentation frameworks.

Graveyard effects of antimicrobial nanostructured titanium over prolonged exposure to drug resistant bacteria and fungi.

Innovations in nanostructured surfaces have found a practical place in the medical area with use in implant materials for post-operative infection prevention. These textured surfaces should be dual purpose: (1) bactericidal on contact and (2) resistant to biofilm formation over prolonged periods. Here, hydrothermally etched titanium surfaces were tested against two highly antimicrobial resistant microbial species, methicillin-resistant and .

Early Postoperative Weight Bearing Following the Reconstruction of Traumatic Complex Tibial Bone Defects by Vascularized Free Fibula and Ilizarov External Fixator: A Case Series.

Objective: Post-traumatic tibial bone defects represent a significant challenge to orthopedic surgeons. Various reconstructive methods are available based on associated local soft tissue injury and defect size. Free vascularized fibular graft represents a major successful technique; combined with a rigid Ilizarov external fixator, it allows safe, immediate postoperative weight bearing.

Experiences and Motivations Regarding The Roles in the Medical Student's Association at an Undergraduate Medical School in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to explore student perspectives toward extracurricular activities and motivating and/or demotivating factors of students for involvement with medical student association (MSA) at Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Qualitative analysis of focus group interviews was employed. Inclusion criteria required participants to be College of Medicine students in years 1-5 of undergraduate study and have been a member of the MSA for at least a year or more.

Smartphone use and personality: Their effects on sleep quality across groups using mediation analysis.

Purpose: The rapid rise in smartphone use has led to declining sleep quality. Excessive internet use has been linked to negative impacts on physical and mental health, and individual personality traits (PT) may contribute to internet addiction and mitigate its harmful effects. This study aims to: (1) examine whether PT mediate the relationship between smartphone use and sleep quality, and (2) investigate whether the relationship between smartphone use and sleep quality varies across different gender and age groups.

ICT-based fluorescent nanoparticles for selective cyanide ion detection and quantification in apple seeds.

In this report, we successfully engineered a novel probe based on an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) architecture featuring dicyanovinyl-substituted thieno[3,2-]thiophene, termed DCVTT. The designed probe self-assembles into luminous nanoparticles (DCVTT NPs) upon introducing mixed aqueous solutions. These fluorescent nanostructures served as a ratiometric probe for detecting cyanide (CN) ions in aqueous-based environments, owing to the robust Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) characteristics of DCVTT.

Mechanical properties of two-dimensional material-based thin films: a comprehensive review.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are materials with a thickness of one or a few atoms with intriguing electrical, chemical, optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties. Therefore, they are deemed candidates for ubiquitous engineering applications. Films and three-dimensional (3D) structures made from 2D materials introduce a distinct assembly structure that imparts the inherent properties of pristine 2D materials on a macroscopic scale.

Effect of vestibular training on cognitive functions in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent but inadequately treated in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Central vestibular functions are associated with multiple cognitive domains in PwMS, even when controlling for disability status. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of vestibular training on cognition in PwMS has never been explored.

Novel Digital Anomalies, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Mutations Expand the Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectra of CNKSR2 in the Houge Type of X-Linked Syndromic Intellectual Development Disorder (MRXSHG).

The Houge type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSHG) encompasses a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability (ID), language/speech delay, attention issues, and epilepsy. These conditions arise from hemizygous or heterozygous deletions, along with point mutations, affecting CNKSR2, a gene located at Xp22.12.

Advanced reconstructive techniques following orbital exenteration: The role of LCFA free flaps.

Background: Orbital exenteration is a severe and disabling surgical procedure that involves the removal of all orbital contents. Effective reconstruction is crucial to managing the resulting defects. This study aims to propose a reconstructive algorithm utilizing free flaps derived from the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) system for orbital exenteration defects, based on our clinical experience.

Comparison between the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and their combination on mortality in maintenance dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Patients undergoing maintenance dialysis have a higher mortality rate compared to the general population. It is known that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have protective effects on the kidney; however, few studies have directly compared their impact on mortality in patients undergoing dialysis. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ACEIs, ARBs, or their combination in reducing all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance dialysis patients.

Effect of psychological distress on oral health: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Individuals with psychological distress are at significantly higher risk of arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, influence of psychological distress on oral health remains a concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychological distress and its relationship with caries, oral hygiene status, gingival health, and other factors among adults.

New world of big data - new challenges for evidence synthesis: Impact of data duplication on estimates generated by meta-analyses, and the development of a framework for its identification and management.

Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight the effects of entering duplicated or overlapping data from published studies using the same data registries into a meta-analysis, including its identification and management using a novel structured framework.

Study Design And Setting: Secondary analysis of data from a proportional meta-analysis of 30-day cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) after metabolic and bariatric surgery was performed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted a) including all studies regardless of duplication (uncorrected sample) and b) comparing it to a corrected sample of studies.

Ultrasonic treatment-assisted reductive deposition of Cu and Pd nanoparticles on ultrathin 2D BiS nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of CO into C compounds.

In this work, we have ultrasonically deposited Cu and Pd nanoparticles on BiS nanoparticles, prepared using an ultrasonication assisted hydrothermal method. We implemented intense ultrasonic waves bearing frequency of 20 kHz and power of 750 W at the acoustic wavelength of 100 mm to reduce Cu and Pd nanoparticles on the BiS surface. The XRD confirmed the formation of highly crystalline BiS nanoparticles with a pure orthorhombic phase and the deposition of copper (Cu) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles was indicated by the strengthening and broadening of the peaks.

The effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in pre-and post-menopausal women: a prospective cohort of Saudi women.

Background: The menopausal transition significantly affects cardiometabolic health, primarily due to changes in reproductive hormones, particularly decreased estrogen levels and relative androgen excess. Adult Muslim women, both pre-and post-menopausal, are mandated to observe Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) every year. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate RIF's effects on pre-menopausal (PRE-M) and post-menopausal (POST-M) healthy women's cardiometabolic health markers.

Innovative CO-NBs-assisted ultrasonication for the phytochemical extraction of peanut (Arachis hypoga) shells: Synthesis and characterization of CO-nanobubbles.

This study was designed to obtain the maximum extraction yield of peanut shell (PS) polyphenols using a novel carbon dioxide nanobubbles (CO-NBs) assisted ultrasonic extraction method. CO-NBs were generated in distilled water with a self-developed high-pressure nano-jet homogenization method and characterized by size, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained nanobubble's mean size and zeta potential were 229.

Electrified Enhanced Recovery of Lithium from Unconventional Sources.

Demand for lithium is expected to quadruple by the end of the decade. Without new sources of production, the supply-demand curve is expected to invert. Traditional geological reserves will not be able to meet the anticipated gap, thus unconventional sources of lithium will need to be utilized, setting the stage for fierce competition for perhaps the most critical of mineral resources required for the energy transition.

Effect of Substituents on Chitosan-Derived Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors: Experimental and Computational Studies of Inhibition and Adsorption Performance.

This work involves the synthesis of two chitosan derivatives by reacting chitosan, extracted from shrimp shells in eastern Morocco, with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde via a Schiff base reaction. An amino derivative of chitosan was then produced by reducing the imine group created by sodium borohydride. We investigated the molecular weight (), crystallinity index (), and degree of deacetylation () of the isolated chitosan, among other characteristic features.