Novel deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for the extraction of estrogenic compounds from environmental samples.

Steroid hormones, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17β-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) are a group of lipophilic active substances, synthesized biologically from cholesterol or chemically. A pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (DES-LPME) technique was established and combined with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental water and wastewater samples. A DES was synthesized using -menthol as HBA and (1)-(+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) as HBD, and used as a green extraction solvent.

Sensitive determination of vincristine in plasma of children with leukaemia using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent.

Vincristine has a wide spectrum of clinical activity and is currently used in the treatment of leukemia. Despite its high therapeutic properties, vincristine has common side effects. Accordingly, it is desirable to determine vincristine in plasma for the use of the drug with strict monitoring.

Homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction based on liquid nitrogen-induced phase separation followed by GFAAS for sensitive extraction and determination of lead in lead-adulterated opium and refined opium.

Herein, we developed a novel homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction based on liquid nitrogen-induced phase separation (HLLME-LNPS) for the extraction and determination of lead (Pb) in Pb-adulterated opium and refined opium by GFAAS analysis. In this procedure, first, 400 μl of acetonitrile (extractant) containing 7.0 μl of diethyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDTP) is injected into a sample solution and a homogeneous solution is formed.

The speciation of inorganic arsenic in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater.

In this research, an environmental friendly, green and efficient sample preparation method using vortex-assisted microextraction based on a deep eutectic solvent (VAME-DES) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of As(iii)/As(v) and total inorganic arsenic in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater from Tehran and Kermanshah, Iran. In the proposed method, a novel DES, characterized by its low density, was prepared by mixing choline chloride and citric acid monohydrate at a molar ratio of 1 : 1. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method enabled the achievement of a good enrichment factor of 175.