Contribution of CB1Rs in anxiety-related behaviors but not locomotor deficits induced by methamphetamine.

Several lines of evidence have indicated that Methamphetamine (METH) exposure leads to neurodegenerative changes in the dopaminergic neurons and subsequently may predispose users to motor deficit. On the other hand, there is a reciprocal regulation between the endocannabinoid and the dopaminergic systems. Previous studies also showed that the endocannabinoids are involved in the signaling mechanisms of various brain regions related to motor and cognitive functions.

Effects of Subacute Administration of Co-Trimoxazole and Folic Acid on Ovarian Tissue in Adult Female Rats.

Background: Previous studies have reported the antifertility activities of sulfonamides. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of co-trimoxazole and its co-administration with folic acid on ovarian tissue in female rats.

Methods: A total of 54 rats were randomly divided into 9 groups (n=6).

Effects of light emitting diode irradiation on neural differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal cells.

Recently, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been introduced as a potential physical factor for proliferation and differentiation of various stem cells. Among the mesenchymal stem cells human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal (hUCM) cells are easily propagated in the laboratory and their low immunogenicity make them more appropriate for regenerative medicine procedures. We aimed at this study to evaluate the effect of red and green light emitted from LED on the neural lineage differentiation of hUCM cells in the presence or absence of retinoic acid (RA).

Protective Effect of Neuropeptide Apelin-13 on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Dopaminergic Cells: Involvement of Its Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Properties.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of brain dopaminergic neurons. Beside pharmacologic and symptomatic treatment of PD the neuroprotective therapy has recently attracted more attention. Apelin, a novel neuropeptide, and its receptors have numerous reported roles in regulating brain functions.

Modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor ameliorates harmaline-induced essential tremor in rat.

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders with unknown etiology. Despite lack of effective clinical treatments, some potential therapeutic factors and modulation of some neurotransmitters have been utilized to ameliorate motor symptoms in the animal models of tremor. In the current study, male Wistar rats (n=10 in each group) weighing 40-60g were divided into vehicle control groups (saline or DMSO), saline/DMSO+harmaline (30mg/kg, i.

A Brain on a Roller Coaster: Can the Dopamine Reward System Act as a Protagonist to Subdue the Ups and Downs of Bipolar Disorder?

One of the most interesting but tenebrous parts of the bipolar disorder (BD) story is the switch between (hypo)mania and depression, which can give bipolar patients a thrilling, but somewhat perilous, 'ride'. Numerous studies have pointed out that there are some recognizable differences (either state-dependent or state-independent) in several brain regions of people with BD, including components of the brain's reward system. Understanding the underpinning mechanisms of high and low mood statuses in BD has potential, not only for the development of highly specific and selective pharmaceutical agents, but also for better treatment approaches and psychological interventions to manage BD and, thus, give patients a safer ride.

Anthropometric Analysis of Cephalofacial Dimensions in Kerman, Iran.

The human body dimensions are affected by ecological, biological, geographical, racial, sex, and age factors. Craniofacial measurements can be considered to be one of the important tools for determination of the morphological characteristics of the head and face. In this study, which was conducted on Persian adolescents living in Kerman/Iran, different forms of head and face were determined for using in various aspects of medicine.

Relationship between delivery modes and genitourinary syndrome among postmenopausal women.

Objectives: Many postmenopausal women suffer from genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) due to the lack of estrogen. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mode of delivery and GSM among postmenopausal women.

Methods: We performed a case-control study of women who had had either vaginal delivery or Cesarean section.

The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves in unimodal and multimodal object recognition tasks in male rats.

Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz) have widespread usage almost everywhere, especially in our homes. Considering the recent reports about some hazardous effects of Wi-Fi signals on the nervous system, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 2.

Cytotoxic Effect of Thymus caramanicus Jalas on Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma KB Cells.

Identifying new chemotherapeutic agents with fewer side effects is a major concern for scientists today. Thymus caramanicus Jalas (Lamiaceae family) is one of the species of Thymus that grows wild in different regions of Iran. Traditionally, leaves of this plant are used in the treatment of diabetes, arthritis and cancer.

Intensive care unit nurses' perceived barriers towards pressure ulcer prevention in south east Iran.

Objective: Pressure ulcer (PU) prevention is one of the most important roles of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). This study was conducted to identify intensive care registered nurses' perceived barriers towards PU prevention in south east Iran.

Method: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design.

The effects of co-administration of pregabalin and vitamin E on neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation in male rats.

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of pregabalin co-administration with vitamin E in Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation (PSNL)-induced neuropathic pain in rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated as control, sham, and PSNL groups (n = 8). PSNL was induced by tight ligation of the sciatic nerve with a copper wire.

Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation on Manual Dexterity and Motor Imagery in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study.

Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol that influences cortical excitability and motor function recovery.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of iTBS on manual dexterity and hand motor imagery in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: Thirty-six MS patients were non-randomly assigned into sham (control) or iTBS groups.

Postoperative Pain following Pulpotomy of Primary Molars with Two Biomaterials: A Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The aim of this randomized clinical trial split-mouth study was to compare the postoperative pain following use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement as pulpotomy agents in carious primary molars.

Methods And Materials: Forty-seven children aged between 6-10 years old were enrolled in this study. Each child had two cariously involved primary molar in need of pulpotomy.

Compassion and care at the end of life: oncology nurses' experiences in South-East Iran.

Background: End of life (EOL) care is newly established in the Iranian context. Context, in this case, refers to the internal and external manifestation of the nurse values, norms and experiences that are learnt throughout life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of caring for dying patients in Iran.

Guided imagery effects on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in Iranian breast cancer patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of guided imagery on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients.

Design: This was a quasi-experimental study in which a group of sample was evaluated pre and post intervention. A convenience sample of 55 eligible breast cancer patients enrolled to participate in this study after giving informed consent.

Orexin-A Protects Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of PKC and PI3K Signaling Pathways.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive and selective death of dopaminergic neurons. Multifunctional neuropeptide orexin-A is involved in many biological events of the body. It has been shown that orexin-A has protective effects in neurodegenerative disease such as PD.

Deficiency in Mental Rotation of Upper and Lower-Limbs in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relation With Cognitive Functions.

Mental rotation is a cognitive motor process which was impaired in different neurologic disorders. We investigated whether there were deficits in response pattern, reaction time and response accuracy rate of mental rotation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to healthy subjects and whether cognitive dysfunctions in MS patients were correlated with mental rotation deficits. Moreover, we showed whether there was a difference between upper and lower-limbs mental rotation in MS patients.

Being Under the Umbrella of Persistent Grief: Experiences of Survivors of Bam Earthquake.

The loss of a loved one is a highly stressful event that nearly everyone experiences. Multiple losses can leave relatives feeling overwhelmed or stuck in their grief, a phenomenon commonly referred to as bereavement overload. This study aimed to elucidate the meaning of prolonged grief from the viewpoint of the survivors of the Bam earthquake (Iran, December 2003) 11 years after the earthquake in south eastern Iran.

Neurosteroid allopregnanolone attenuates cognitive dysfunctions in 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive deficits have an extensive influence on the quality of life of the Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Previous studies have shown that lack of steroid hormones have an important role in the development of PD. Therefore, in this study the effects of neurosteroid allopregnanolone (Allo) on the PD-induced cognitive disorders were assessed.

Introduction of a New Suture Method in Repair of Peripheral Nerves Injured with a Sharp Mechanism.

Background: The standard method for repair of an injured peripheal nerve is epineural repair with separate sutures. Herein we describe a method in which the nerve is sutured with continous sutures. In fact this method has not been utilized for nerve repair previously and our purpose was to compare it to the standard method.

Enriched environment improves synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficiency in chronic cerebral hypoperfused rats.

Recent studies have indicated that environmental enrichment (EE) increases the sensorial and social stimulations and leads to strengthened plastic changes in the brain. In models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, the ability of an EE to restore the cognition depends on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The mechanisms for this effect have not, however, been adequately studied.

Prophylactic corticosteroid injection in ulnar wrist pain in distal radius fracture.

Background: Ulnar sided wrist pain is one of the most common complications of distal radius fractures. The simplest method for decreasing pain for this affliction is corticosteroid injection. The present study was designed to assess the effect of corticosteroid injection in the prevention of ulnar sided wrist pain.

Cannabinoids and Tremor Induced by Motor-related Disorders: Friend or Foe?

Tremor arises from an involuntary, rhythmic muscle contraction/relaxation cycle and is a common disabling symptom of many motor-related diseases such as Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease, and forms of ataxia. In the wake of anecdotal, largely uncontrolled, observations claiming the amelioration of some symptoms among cannabis smokers, and the high density of cannabinoid receptors in the areas responsible for motor function, including basal ganglia and cerebellum, many researchers have pursued the question of whether cannabinoid-based compounds could be used therapeutically to alleviate tremor associated with central nervous system diseases. In this review, we focus on possible effects of cannabinoid-based medicines, in particular on Parkinsonian and multiple sclerosis-related tremors and the common probable molecular mechanisms.

Aqueous extract of Zizyphus jujuba fruit attenuates glucose induced neurotoxicity in an in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy.

Objectives: The neuroprotective effect of fruit aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba Lam on glucose-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells as an appropriate in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by DCFH-DA analysis.