Dimethyl fumarate alleviates Staphylococcus pseudintermedius-induced cell damage by inhibiting pyroptosis and bacterial virulence.

The resistance of pathogenic bacteria to various clinical antibiotics is the major problem in treating bacterial keratitis. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has good anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects in fungal keratitis, but its effect on bacterial keratitis is unclear. This study aims to investigate DMF's anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis at Ho Chi Minh eye hospital.

Background: The increasing drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) poses a serious challenge to the current treatment. Antibiograms of this pathogen often take 3-5 days, and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis (PAK) is mainly based on preliminary physical examination, clinical experience, and medical guidelines. Pertinent clinical data on the causative agent and antibiotics for high efficacy are essential for early recognition and subsequent treatment.

Exploring interspecies differences in models of keratitis: a comparative study of human, pig and sheep corneas.

Interspecies differences in human, pig and sheep corneal thickness may affect the colonization. Currently, there is no research investigating the impact of these differences, along with variable storage and culture conditions on infection in cornea models. These factors could significantly influence utilizing models for drug testing research.

Customised 96-ocular TaqMan (iCAM) microarray PCR card for rapid diagnosis of microbial keratitis.

Aim: To validate the diagnostic performance of a custom 96-micro-organism TaqMan PCR card (iCAM) for microbial keratitis (MK) from a single corneal epithelial sample.

Methods: Patients over the age of 18 referred to Cambridge University Hospital with MK were recruited in this single-site prospective cohort study between September 2021 and January 2023. An ocular-specific, customised microarray card (iCAM) was constructed according to primer and probe nucleotide sequences developed in our department to detect bacteria, viruses, and fungi commonly implicated in MK using a single corneal epithelial sample.

Spectrum of bacterial keratitis at a tertiary eye center in Indonesia.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study is to analyze the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in bacterial keratitis at a tertiary eye center in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study design is a retrospective analytic study. A retrospective cross-sectional analytic review of medical records was conducted for patients with bacterial keratitis who underwent corneal cultures over an 8-year period.

Microbiology Profiles and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pediatric Microbial Keratitis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess trends in microbiology profiles and antibiotic susceptibility among pediatric infectious keratitis cases in Southern California, United States.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients aged 18 years or younger diagnosed with infectious keratitis with a positive microbiology culture between 2006 and 2019 at a tertiary academic institution. Patient demographics, microbiology results, and antibiotic susceptibilities were analyzed.

Microbial keratitis at a single tertiary eye care in Andhra Pradesh: A 12-year analysis of microbiological profile and susceptibility of bacterial isolates.

Context: Microbial keratitis is a potentially vision-threatening emergency that demands prompt diagnosis and treatment to ensure better vision recovery. Empirical use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapies is often the primary treatment modality, which is then tailored according to clinical response, cultured organisms, and their sensitivities. Since the spectrum of microbial agents associated with corneal ulcers is wide and varies from one geographical location to another, it is imperative that local microbial trends and susceptibility patterns are analyzed to enable better care in the management of these patients.

Case Series of Streptococcus pneumoniae Keratitis and Its Sequelae.

is a more prevalent cause of corneal ulcers in developing countries than in developed countries. We report five cases of corneal ulcers attributed to this organism with a literature review on bacterial cornea ulcers. Among the patients, four had underlying systemic illnesses while one was otherwise healthy.

Virtual Screening and Meta-Analysis Approach Identifies Factors for Inversion Stimulation (Fis) and Other Genes Responsible for Biofilm Production in : A Corneal Pathogen.

Bacterial keratitis caused by is indeed a serious concern due to its potential to cause blindness and its resistance to antibiotics, partly attributed to biofilm formation and cytotoxicity to the cornea. The present study uses a meta-analysis of a transcriptomics dataset to identify important genes and pathways in biofilm formation of induced keratitis. By combining data from several studies, meta-analysis can enhance statistical power and robustness, enabling the identification of 83 differentially expressed candidate genes, including fis that could serve as therapeutic targets.

Efficacy of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy with TONS504 Using Blue Light Against .

Background: is an important causative agent of bacterial keratitis. This study investigates the antibacterial effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with the chlorin derivative TONS504 (TONS504-PACT) and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) on . It also explores the synergistic effects of combining TONS504-PACT with EDTA, and compares the antibacterial effects of TONS504-PACT using blue light with those of previously reported red light.

The effect of immobilisation strategies on the ability of peptoids to reduce the adhesion of P. aeruginosa strains to contact lenses.

Aim: Previous studies have demonstrated that contact lenses coated with the antimicrobial cationic peptide Mel4, a derivative of melimine, can reduce the occurrence of keratitis. However, the antimicrobial activity of Mel4 weakened over time due to its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Oligo-N-substituted glycine peptoids such as TM5 and TM18 possess antimicrobial properties and are resistant to proteolytic breakdown.

Microbial profile and associated factors of external ocular bacterial and fungal infections in Arba Minch General Hospital: a cross-sectional study.

External ocular infections are of serious global concern, which cause significant visual morbidity and even blindness, particularly in low-income and resource-limited countries. Herewith, we are reporting the profile of bacteria and fungi causing external ocular infections and the associated factors in Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 259 suspected individuals with external ocular infections from 01 January to 10 June 2020 in Arba Minch General Hospital.

Povidone iodine-infused pars plana vitrectomy for severe fungal endophthalmitis.

Purpose: Arthrographis kalrae is an opportunistic fungus that can cause a severe and atypical endophthalmitis. In limited studies, low-dose povidone iodine has been shown to be effective in treating fulminant bacterial endophthalmitis. In this case report, we describe the successful treatment of recalcitrant keratitis-associated endophthalmitis with intraocular povidone iodine during pars plana vitrectomy.

Metal-phenolic nanoparticles enhance low temperature photothermal therapy for bacterial biofilm in superficial infections.

Bacterial infections, especially induced by multidrug-resistant pathogens, have become a significant global health concern. In the infected tissues, biofilms not only serve as a source of nutrients but also act as protective barriers that impede antibiotic penetration. Herein, we developed tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Au nanoparticles (E-Au NPs) through direct one-step self-assembly methods by EGCG chelating with Au ions to eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and prevent the formation of biofilm under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation.

A Study of Clinico-Microbiological Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Infectious Keratitis.

Background  Infectious keratitis (IK) is one of the major causes of corneal blindness in developing and developed nations. Numerous infections, including bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoa, have been linked to IK. Corneal perforations can happen as one of the complications of IK.

Deciphering infectious uveitis etiology: Immune cell profiling in keratic precipitates using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Purpose: To elucidate the etiology of infectious uveitis through the comprehensive analysis of keratic precipitates (KPs) using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Design: Cross-sectional, observational case series.

Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care eye hospital from January 2021 to October 2023.

[Microbiological diagnosis of ocular surface infections aside from virology].

The ocular surface is a structure exposed to multiple stresses that can directly or indirectly lead to infectious contamination and compromise visual function. This significant risk justifies multidisciplinary care, often in an emergency context, bringing together ophthalmologists and microbiologists to optimize and guide microbiological testing on small volume samples and ensure the most appropriate treatment. Herein, we present the various steps leading to microbiological diagnosis, from pre-analytical requirements, sampling methods, transport conditions, and then to the analytical steps of pathogen identification.

Microbial keratitis in north-western Spain: a review of risk factors, microbiological profile and resistance patterns.

Purpose: To review the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and microbiological profiles of microbial keratitis cases, as well as the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in the region of Galicia, Spain.

Methods: This retrospective case series includes patients with culture-positive non-viral microbial keratitis between 2010 and 2020, treated at nine hospitals within the region of Galicia, North-West Spain. The standard protocol involved Gram staining for bacterial infections and calcofluor white staining for fungal or amoebal infections, identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or microscopy, and antimicrobial susceptibility interpreted according to EUCAST or CLSI guidelines.

Bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity in canine bacterial keratitis in Korea.

Objective: To analyze bacterial isolates associated with canine bacterial keratitis and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Korea, focusing on multidrug resistance (MDR) and identifying effective antibiotic combinations for clinical treatment.

Animal Studied: A total of 146 dogs diagnosed with suspected bacterial keratitis between October 2022 and October 2023 in Korea, with 157 eye samples collected for analysis.

Procedure: Eye samples were cultured to isolate bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method.