Interaction Between Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E in Banana and the VPg Protein of Banana Bract Mosaic Virus Reveals Potential Targets for Genome Editing.

Plant viruses need host factors to complete their life cycle. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its isoforms are the host factors essential for infection by plant viruses in the genus Potyvirus. The present study describes the characterization of eIF4E gene in banana cultivar Nendran, and its interaction with the viral genome-linked protein (VPg) of banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV).

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide From Bacillus licheniformis MW301654 Unravels the Nematicidal Property Against Meloidogyne incognita.

Research on nematode management globally highlights the use of nematicidal biomolecules and biocontrol agents. However, the availability of biomolecules to manage plant-parasitic nematodes remains limited. The discovery of microbial biomolecules offers new opportunities in this field, though they are underexplored for suppressing nematodes.

Assessing multi-decadal climatic variability and its impact on cardamom cultivation in the Indian Cardamom Hills.

This study examines the multi-decadal variability and trends of surface air temperature and precipitation in the Indian Cardamom Hills (ICH), a degraded tropical rainforest area unique for cardamom cultivation. Utilizing observed long-term climatic data (1958-2017), statistical methods such as the Mann-Kendall test (MKT), Sen's Slope Estimator (SSE), and Incremental Trend Analysis (ITA) were applied to assess the impact of surface air temperature, rainfall, and the number of rainy days on cardamom yield. The analysis revealed a significant decline in annual rainfall by approximately 13.

Harnessing insects mediated plastic biodegradation: Current insight and future directions.

Plastic polymers pose a significant challenge due to their resistance to degradation, resulting in their persistent accumulation in the environment and exacerbating a critical environmental concern. Urgent innovation and novel management technologies are essential to tackle this issue. Plastic biodegradation, distinguished by its environmentally friendly and safe attributes, has garnered substantial attention as a viable solution.

Seed market dynamics and diffusion of new wheat varieties in Bihar, India: a supply-side perspective.

Unlabelled: An examination of the dynamics of seed markets in Bihar, India, reveals a paradox-despite an influx of wheat varieties bred by public and private sectors and the proliferation of seed market networks in rural villages, older wheat varieties remain prevalent-necessitating a thorough investigation of the seed distribution system. Unlike most empirical studies that examine the adoption of new and improved crop varieties from a farmer's perspective, our study shifts the focus to the seed supply side. We analyse data collected from 200 private seed dealers who cater to the needs of over 163,000 farmers spread across 10 districts in Bihar.

Museum specimens shedding light on the evolutionary history and cryptic diversity of the hedgehog family Erinaceidae.

The family Erinaceidae encompasses 27 extant species in two subfamilies: Erinaceinae, which includes spiny hedgehogs, and Galericinae, which comprises silky-furred gymnures and moonrats. Although they are commonly recognized by the general public, their phylogenetic history remains incompletely understood, and several species have never been included in any molecular analyses. Additionally, previous research suggested that the species diversity of Erinaceidae might be underestimated.

Impact of floods and landslides on rhizosphere bacterial communities: a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing study.

This study investigates the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Attapadi and Nelliyampathy, prominent hill stations in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. The persistent flooding and landslides in 2018 and 2019 significantly impacted agricultural productivity in these regions. Utilizing high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of soil samples.

Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Bacteria Associated With the Entomo-Pathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis spp (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) From South India.

Sixteen isolates of bacteria obtained from the entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis sp.) infected cadavers of Galleria mellonella larvae were identified following phenotypic characterization and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA. Two isolates were identified as the symbiotic bacterium, Photothabdus luminescens, while 14 other isolates were represented by nine species of nonsymbiotic bacteria viz.

Date palm transcriptome analysis provides new insights on changes in response to high salt stress of colonized roots with the endophytic fungus .

Salinity is a significant threat that causes considerable yield losses in date palm. The root endophytic fungus has proven effective in providing salt stress tolerance to host plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism facilitating the date palm's response to inoculation, and its involvement in the salt stress tolerance, remains unknown.

Phytochemical Characterization, Fumigant and Contact Toxicity Activities of Four Essential Oils Against Eriophyid Gall Mite, Aceria pongamiae Keifer (Acarina: Eriophyidae).

Plant-derived essential oils (EO) offer a natural alternative to chemical pesticides for eco-friendly pest control approaches. Aceria pongamiae Keifer, a notorious pest that affects Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre has mainly been controlled using synthetic acaricides leading to resistance development and environmental issues.

System-wide analysis of groundnut's salinity resilience: Integrating plant-cell interactions with environmental stress dynamics through cutting-edge transcriptomics.

Salinity stress is a major concern in regions where irrigation relies on saline water. This study aimed to investigate the relative water content (RWC), electrolytic leakage (EL), total chlorophyll content, free amino acid content, and total soluble sugar content were analyzed in different groundnut species subjected to various salinity treatments. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the RWC in groundnut leaves, with A.

Evaluation of suitability and biodegradability of the organophosphate insecticides to mitigate insecticide pollution in onion farming.

Organophosphates constitute a major class of pesticides widely employed in agriculture to manage insect pests. Their toxicity is attributed to their ability to inhibit the functioning of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an essential enzyme for normal nerve transmission. Organophosphates, especially chlorpyrifos, have been a key component of the integrated pest management (IPM) in onions, effectively controlling onion maggot , a severe pest of onions.

Isolation and characterization of native antagonistic rhizobacteria against Fusarium wilt of chilli to promote plant growth.

In the eastern coastal regions of Odisha, wilt caused by f. sp. is an extremely damaging disease in chilli.

Pulsed light processing of sugarcane juice: quality evaluation and microbial load assessment.

Background: Freshly extracted sugarcane juice is an ideal substrate for microbial fermentation and browning reactions. The present study is the first report on the potential of pulsed light (PL) processing in improving microbial stability with the retention of major bioactive. PL processing at different levels of voltage (2.

Genome-wide mining and characterization of MATE transporters in Coriandrum sativum L.

Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins are responsible for the transport of a wide range of metabolites out of plant cells. This helps to protect the cells from toxins and other harmful compounds. MATE proteins also play a role in plant development, by regulating the transport of hormones and other signalling molecules.

Genomic insights into CKX genes: key players in cotton fibre development and abiotic stress responses.

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), responsible for irreversible cytokinin degradation, also controls plant growth and development and response to abiotic stress. While the gene has been studied in other plants extensively, its function in cotton is still unknown. Therefore, a genome-wide study to identify the gene family in the four cotton species was conducted using transcriptomics, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bioinformatics.

Decoding drought resilience: a comprehensive exploration of the cotton Eceriferum (CER) gene family and its role in stress adaptation.

Background: The cuticular wax serves as a primary barrier that protects plants from environmental stresses. The Eceriferum (CER) gene family is associated with wax production and stress resistance.

Results: In a genome-wide identification study, a total of 52 members of the CER family were discovered in four Gossypium species: G.

suppresses the symptoms produced by by inhibiting its replication and manipulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation in banana.

Unlabelled: (BBrMV) infection results in characteristic reddish streaks on pseudostem and chlorotic spindle lesions on leaves leading to traveler's palm appearance and complete crop loss depending on the stage of infection in banana plants. Here, we discuss the influence of colonization (a beneficial fungal root endophyte) on BBrMV infection, specific viral component genes responsible for symptom development, chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, and degradation in BBrMV-infected banana plants. colonization significantly and substantially reduced the severity of Banana bract mosaic disease (BBrMD) in addition to increased growth, development and yield of banana plants.

Assessing the effect of soil cultivation methods and genotypes on crop yield components, yield and soil properties in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system.

Background: The rice-wheat cropping system is the prevailing agricultural method in the North-Western states of India, namely in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The practice of open burning of rice residue is frequently employed for expedient land preparation, but it has significant adverse impacts on both the environment and human health. These include the emission of greenhouse gases, loss of nutrients, elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM), and disruption of the biological cycle.

Exploring the chemical characterization and insecticidal activities of roxb leaf essential oils against three major stored product insects.

Botanical pesticides are safe and widely used in pest management. belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a rhizomatous medicinal herb. Following rhizome harvesting, leaves are discarded as waste.

The large-scale expansion of rubber plantations in southern India: major impacts and the changing nature of drivers.

This study investigates the major environmental and socio-economic impacts of an increase in the area of rubber plantations and the changing patterns of drivers of land use changes. Using a combination of geospatial techniques and socio-economic methods, we mainly analyzed the rate of increase in area under rubber plantations, the major impacts of land use changes, and the changing drivers of land use changes. Our results show that the area under rubber plantations has increased significantly within the study area, with the area under rubber plantations increasing from 30 to 74% of the total area within five decades.

Identification of nitric oxide mediated defense signaling and its microRNA mediated regulation during infection in black pepper.

Unlabelled: Nitric oxide plays a significant role in the defense signaling during pathogen interaction in plants. Quick wilt disease is a devastating disease of black pepper, and leads to sudden mortality of pepper vines in plantations. In this study, the role of nitric oxide was studied during infection in black pepper variety Panniyur-1.