Student and Physician Views of How the Dobbs Decision Affects Training and Practice Location Preferences: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: By allowing for abortion bans and restrictions to take effect in the majority of US states, the 2022 Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision portends to have lasting impacts on patient care and the physician workforce. Notably, it is already beginning to impact practice location preferences of US health care workers, evidenced by declining application rates to residency programs in abortion-restrictive states since 2022. Yet, there remains a gap in the literature regarding why this trend exists.

Feeding- and Light-Cycle Synergistically Regulate Mouse Blood Pressure Daily Rhythm via -Dependent and Independent Mechanisms.

Cardiovascular health requires the orchestration of the daily rhythm of blood pressure (BP), which responds to changes in light exposure and dietary patterns. Whether rhythmic light and feeding can modulate daily BP rhythm directly or via modulating intrinsic core clock gene is unknown. Using inducible global knockout mice (iBmal1KO), we explored the impact of rhythmic light, rhythmic feeding, or their combination on various physiological parameters.

Development of a Large-Volume Concentration Method to Recover Infectious Avian Influenza Virus from the Aquatic Environment.

Since late 2021, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have caused a record number of mortalities in wild birds, domestic poultry, and mammals in North America. Wetlands are plausible environmental reservoirs of avian influenza virus; however, the transmission and persistence of the virus in the aquatic environment are poorly understood. To explore environmental contamination with the avian influenza virus, a large-volume concentration method for detecting infectious avian influenza virus in waterbodies was developed.

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Cannabinoid Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin and Its Main Metabolites in Healthy Participants.

Background: Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) is a phytocannabinoid commonly found in cannabis with potential pharmacological properties; however, its post-acute pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans have not been studied yet. THCV has two isomers, Δ9- and Δ8-THCV, which seem to have different pharmacological properties. We investigated the PK of the Δ8-THCV isomer after oral administration as part of a two-phase, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled trial in healthy participants.

The Role of Scavenger Receptor BI in Sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Currently, there is no effective therapy for sepsis due to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor that plays a key role in HDL metabolism by modulating the selective uptake of cholesteryl ester from HDL.

Noninvasive Electrical Modalities to Alleviate Respiratory Deficits Following Spinal Cord Injury.

(1) Background: Respiratory dysfunction is a debilitating consequence of cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting from the loss of cortico-spinal drive to respiratory motor networks. This impairment affects both central and peripheral nervous systems, disrupting motor control and muscle innervation, which is essential for effective breathing. These deficits significantly impact the health and quality of life of individuals with SCI.

Advances in Natural-Product-Based Fluorescent Agents and Synthetic Analogues for Analytical and Biomedical Applications.

Fluorescence is a remarkable property exhibited by many chemical compounds and biomolecules. Fluorescence has revolutionized analytical and biomedical sciences due to its wide-ranging applications in analytical and diagnostic tools of biological and environmental importance. Fluorescent molecules are frequently employed in drug delivery, optical sensing, cellular imaging, and biomarker discovery.

Lifestyle Factors and Associations with Individual and Comorbid Cardiometabolic and Pulmonary Disease Among U.S. Adults.

Background: Although lifestyle factors have been linked to chronic diseases among adults, their association with diagnosed individual and comorbid cardiometabolic (CMD) and pulmonary disease (PD) is not fully known. This study aimed to examine the associations between lifestyle factors and individual and comorbid CMD and PD among U.S.

Urban and Rural Differences in the Efficacy of a Mobile Health Depression Treatment for Young Adults.

Depression among young adults represents a growing health problem in the U.S., but access to effective treatment remains a challenge.

Current Stroke Solutions Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review of the Literature.

Introduction: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing stroke diagnosis, aiding treatment decision making, and improving overall patient care. Leading AI-driven platforms such as RapidAI, Brainomix, and Viz.ai have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in the swift and accurate assessment of stroke patients.

Psychometric Testing of the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patient Assets, Risks, and Experiences (PRAPARE) in Patients With Heart Failure and Coronary Heart Disease.

The social determinants of health (SDOH) have been recognized as an important contributor to an individual's health status. A valid and reliable instrument is needed for researchers and clinicians to measure SDOH. However, there is considerable variability in the screening methodologies, as well as a lack of standardization in definitions and methods for capturing and reporting SDOH data for both electronic health record software vendors and national experts on SDOH.

Knockout of a testis-specific gene cluster impairs male fertility in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Background: The function of some testis-specific genes (TSGs) in model insects have been studied, but their function in non-model insects remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we identified several TSGs in the fall armyworm (FAW), a significant agricultural pest, through comparative transcriptomic analysis. A testis-specific gene cluster (TSGC) comprising multiple functional genes and long non-coding RNAs was found.

Pregnancy-Related Aortic Dissection-A Rare Complication of Pregnancy.

Patients with pregnancy-related aortic dissections should be transferred to high-volume aortic centers for management. Malperfusion syndromes from acute type A aortic dissections appear to have better outcomes with thoracic endovascular repair before definitive surgical repair.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Diagnostics, Treatment, and Operational Efficiency.

Background And Aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) beginning to integrate in healthcare, is ushering in a transformative era, impacting diagnostics, altering personalized treatment, and significantly improving operational efficiency. The study aims to describe AI in healthcare, including important technologies like robotics, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), and to investigate how these technologies are used in patient interaction, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring. The goal of this review is to present a thorough analysis of AI's effects on healthcare while providing stakeholders with a road map for navigating this changing environment.

Gender, Marital, and Parental Barriers to Pursuing Gastroenterology Fellowship: A Multicenter Analysis of a National Survey and Actionable Solutions.

Introduction: Female gastroenterologists comprise 19% of the gastroenterology (GI) workforce, despite females making up 30% of GI fellows and over 50% of medical students in the USA. Barriers to pursuing GI fellowship have not been studied at the resident level. We aimed to determine multiple barriers that may prevent internal medicine (IM) residents from pursuing GI fellowship.

Influence of deception of task duration on the sex-specific physiological responses to RPE-clamp cycle ergometry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-specific influence of expected exercise duration on the physiological responses to RPE-clamp exercise anchored to RPE 15 with participants being deceived into believing the RPE-clamp exercise would last for 20-, 30-, or 40-min, but all trials were 30-min.

Methods: Twelve males and 12 females completed a graded exercise test followed by randomly ordered RPE-clamp trials at RPE15 on the Borg 6-20 scale where subjects were deceived into expecting exercise to last for either 20-, 30-, or 40-min, but the actual duration for each trial was 30-min. Separate 2 (Sex [Male vs.

New developments in immunotherapy for SCLC.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of neuroendocrine neoplasm known for its striking initial response to treatment, followed by fast relapse and refractoriness in response to additional lines of therapy. New advances in immunotherapy are paving the way for more effective treatment strategies and have promising results with early clinical trial data. While SCLC rarely harbors actionable mutations, the receptor DLL3 is extensively present in SCLC, making it a potential target for immunotherapy.

Indirect Effects of Perceived Stress and Depression on the Relationship Between Insomnia Symptoms and Hazardous Drinking.

Insomnia is a risk factor for hazardous drinking, yet the mechanisms underlying this risk are not well characterized. Two factors that might contribute to the relationship between insomnia and drinking are stress and depression. Insomnia is strongly associated with increased stress and depression, which are, in turn, strongly linked to hazardous drinking.

Automated estimation of individualized organ-specific dose and noise from clinical CT scans.

Radiation dose and diagnostic image quality are opposing constraints in x-ray CT. Conventional methods do not fully account for organ-level radiation dose and noise when considering radiation risk and clinical task. In this work, we develop a pipeline to generate individualized organ-specific dose and noise at desired dose levels from clinical CT scans.

A qualitative analysis of PA leaders in Kentucky.

Objective: To describe Kentucky's physician associate/assistant (PA) leadership pathway and provide advice for individual leadership trajectories.

Methods: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews and inductive coding methodology to identify themes of PA leaders.

Results: Participants were primarily female (76.

Maintenance treatment of catatonia with benzodiazepines: A case series and literature review.

Objective: Benzodiazepines, particularly lorazepam, are good options for acute catatonia treatment. Published catatonia literature on benzodiazepine maintenance treatment and benzodiazepine tolerance is limited.

Methods: This is a chart review covering 30 years of clinical experience in the state of Kentucky, (United States of America), where there was no easy access to electroconvulsive therapy.