Commentary: The microbial dependence continuum: Towards a comparative physiology approach to understand host reliance on microbes.

Comparative physiologists often compare physiological traits across organisms to understand the selective pressures influencing their evolution in different environments. Traditionally focused on the organisms themselves, comparative physiology has more recently incorporated studies of the microbiome-the communities of microbes living in and on animals that influence host physiology. In this commentary, we describe the utility of applying a comparative framework to study the microbiome, particularly in understanding how hosts vary in their dependence on microbial communities for physiological function, a concept we term the "microbial dependence continuum".

Review of Pseudoloma neurophilia (Microsporidia): A common neural parasite of laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now the second most used animal model in biomedical research. As with other vertebrate models, underlying diseases and infections often impact research. Beyond mortality and morbidity, these conditions can compromise research end points by producing nonprotocol induced variation within experiments.

Middle and Late Pleistocene Denisovan subsistence at Baishiya Karst Cave.

Genetic and fragmented palaeoanthropological data suggest that Denisovans were once widely distributed across eastern Eurasia. Despite limited archaeological evidence, this indicates that Denisovans were capable of adapting to a highly diverse range of environments. Here we integrate zooarchaeological and proteomic analyses of the late Middle to Late Pleistocene faunal assemblage from Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Plateau, where a Denisovan mandible and Denisovan sedimentary mitochondrial DNA were found.

What drives preventative health behaviors one year into a pandemic? A replication and extension.

: There is continued interest in understanding what leads people to engage in CDC-recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. We tested whether fear and COVID-19 worry would replicate as the primary drivers of six CDC recommended prevention behaviors. : We recruited 741 adult participants during the second major peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (early 2021).

The electronic structure of diatomic nickel oxide.

The nature of the Ni-O bond is relevant to catalytic and environmental applications. The vibrational frequency and electronic structure of NiO were calculated using CASSCF, icMRCI+Q, CCSD(T), and DFT. CASSCF predicted a quintet state (Σ) ground state for the equilibrium bond distance with a state crossing at 1.

Power spectral density-based resting-state EEG classification of first-episode psychosis.

Historically, the analysis of stimulus-dependent time-frequency patterns has been the cornerstone of most electroencephalography (EEG) studies. The abnormal oscillations in high-frequency waves associated with psychotic disorders during sensory and cognitive tasks have been studied many times. However, any significant dissimilarity in the resting-state low-frequency bands is yet to be established.

Collaboration for Health Equity: A Qualitative Assessment of Local Leaders in Community-Based Organizations, Health Care, and Public Health in Michigan.

A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews leaders in community-based organizations, health care, and local public health to understand organizational perspectives of collaboration for health equity and identify opportunities to improve collaboration. Twelve leaders were interviewed from March through May 2023 in Kent County, Michigan. All leaders saw collaboration as valuable for advancing health equity.

Successfully initiating an escalation of care in acute ward settings-A qualitative observational study.

Aims: To address knowledge gaps by (i) developing a theoretical understanding of escalation and (ii) identifying escalation success factors.

Design: Non-participant observations were used to examine deteriorating patient escalation events.

Methods: Escalation event data were collected by a researcher who shadowed clinical staff, between February 16th 2021 and March 17th 2022 from two National Health Service Trusts.

Cucurbit[8]uril-Mediated Supramolecular Heterodimerisation and Photoinduced [2+2] Heterocycloaddition to Generate Unexpected [2]Rotaxanes.

In contrast to the self-assembly of homosupramolecules, the self-assembly of heterosupramolecules is more challenging and significant in various fields. Herein, we design and investigate a cucurbit[8]uril-mediated heterodimerisation based on an arene-fluoroarene strategy. Furthermore, the heteroternary complex is found to be able to undergo a photoinduced [2+2] heterocycloaddition, resulting in the formation of an unexpected [2]rotaxane.

Clinical Correlation of Transcription Factor SOX3 in Cancer: Unveiling Its Role in Tumorigenesis.

Members of the SOX (SRY-related HMG box) family of transcription factors are crucial for embryonic development and cell fate determination. This review investigates the role of SOX3 in cancer, as aberrations in SOX3 expression have been implicated in several cancers, including osteosarcoma, breast, esophageal, endometrial, ovarian, gastric, hepatocellular carcinomas, glioblastoma, and leukemia. These dysregulations modulate key cancer outcomes such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, cell cycle, and proliferation, contributing to cancer development.

An ultrawide-range photochromic molecular fluorescence emitter.

Photocontrollable luminescent molecular switches capable of changing emitting color have been regarded as the ideal integration between intelligent and luminescent materials. A remaining challenge is to combine good luminescence properties with wide range of wavelength transformation, especially when confined in a single molecular system that forms well-defined nanostructures. Here, we report a π-expanded photochromic molecular photoswitch, which allows for the comprehensive achievements including wide emission wavelength variation (240 nm wide, 400-640 nm), high photoisomerization extent (95%), and pure emission color (<100 nm of full width at half maximum).

Iterative Chebyshev approximation method for optimal control problems.

We present a novel numerical approach for solving nonlinear constrained optimal control problems (NCOCPs). Instead of directly solving the NCOCPs, we start by linearizing the constraints and dynamic system, which results in a sequence of sub-problems. For each sub-problem, we use finite number of Chebyshev polynomials to estimate the control and state vectors.

Cost effectiveness of commercial portable ex vivo lung perfusion at a low-volume US lung transplant center.

Background: Portable ex vivo lung perfusion during lung transplantation is a resource-intensive technology. In light of its increasing use, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of ex vivo lung perfusion at a low-volume lung transplant center in the USA.

Methods: Patients listed for lung transplantation (2015-2021) in the United Network for Organ Sharing database were included.

Therapeutic potential of ethoxy mansonone G: A comprehensive exploration of its anticancer actions in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Mansonone G (MG), a 1,2-naphthoquinones with antiestrogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-adipogenic activities, is derived from the heartwood of Mansonia gagei Drumm. Ethoxy mansonone G (EMG), an essential derivative of MG, has anticancer and antioxidant agent. EMG also has antiestrogen activity and is demonstrated to lower estrogen receptor expression in endocrine-resistant cells.

Measurement of protein concentration in bacteria and small organelles under a light transmission microscope.

Protein concentration (PC) is an essential characteristic of cells and organelles; it determines the extent of macromolecular crowding effects and serves as a sensitive indicator of cellular health. A simple and direct way to quantify PC is provided by brightfield-based transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) imaging combined with volume measurements. However, since TIE is based on geometric optics, its applicability to micrometer-sized particles is not clear.

α-Latrotoxin Tetramers Spontaneously Form Two-Dimensional Crystals in Solution and Coordinated Multi-Pore Assemblies in Biological Membranes.

α-Latrotoxin (α-LTX) was found to form two-dimensional (2D) monolayer arrays in solution at relatively low concentrations (0.1 mg/mL), with the toxin tetramer constituting a unit cell. The crystals were imaged using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM), and image analysis yielded a ~12 Å projection map.

A Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating the Impact of Cultural Dexterity Training on Surgical Residents' Knowledge, Cross-Cultural Care, Skills, and Beliefs: The Provider Awareness and Cultural Dexterity Training for Surgeons (PACTS) Trial.

Objectives: This trial examines the impact of the Provider Awareness and Cultural dexterity Toolkit for Surgeons (PACTS) curriculum on surgical residents' knowledge, cross-cultural care, skills, and beliefs.

Background: Cross-cultural training of providers may reduce health care outcome disparities, but its effectiveness in surgical trainees is unknown.

Methods: PACTS focuses on developing skills needed for building trust, working with patients with limited English proficiency, optimizing informed consent, and managing pain.

Virtual Interviewing and Diversity Among Psychiatry Residents.

Objective: Psychiatry residency program directors were surveyed regarding their impression of the impact virtual interviewing had on the perceived and actual diversity of individuals selected for interviews and residency training.

Methods: A link to an anonymous survey was sent to 299 psychiatry residencies. Psychiatry program directors provided information about their programs and rated their perception of the impact of virtual interviewing on candidates they interviewed and matched.

The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and gastrointestinal disease in United States Military Veterans.

Background: This study examined the relationship between gastrointestinal disease and post-traumatic stress disorder in U.S. military Veterans.

Design of A Highly Sensitive, Low-cost Underwater Force Plate to Record Substrate Reaction Forces.

The study of underwater walking presents major challenges because the small forces applied during underwater walking are difficult to measure due to the lack of a sufficiently sensitive force plate that functions underwater. Understanding the force interaction between the underwater walker and the substrate may lead to better understanding of the evolution, ecology, and biomechanics of underwater walking. The shift from aquatic to terrestrial life was a crucial transition in animal evolution where, underwater walking preceded the invasion of land and combines mechanics from terrestrial locomotion (substrate reaction forces) and aquatic swimming (buoyancy and drag).

Ground Reaction Forces and Energy Exchange During Underwater Walking.

Underwater walking was a crucial step in the evolutionary transition from water to land. Underwater walkers use fins and/or limbs to interact with the benthic substrate and produce propulsive forces. The dynamics of underwater walking remain poorly understood due to the lack of a sufficiently sensitive and waterproof system to measure substrate reaction forces (SRFs).

Impacts of number lines and circle visual displays on caregivers' fraction understanding.

Playful fraction picture books, together with math instructional content called "back matter," may promote fraction learning, which is crucial because fractions are difficult and often disliked content. However, open questions remain regarding how different types of back matter may affect caregivers' ability to use fraction picture books as a teaching tool. The current study offers a novel investigation into how back matter affects caregivers' (N = 160) fraction understanding (i.