Esophageal cancer in an adult with congenital esophageal stenosis: a case report.

Background: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare condition. We encountered a case of esophageal cancer that developed in an adult with persistent CES. Although many studies have investigated the therapeutic outcomes and performed surveillance for symptoms after treatment for CES, few have performed long-term surveillance or reported on the development of esophageal cancer.

Efficacy of endoscopic surveillance for pharyngeal mucosa during endoscopic resection for pharyngeal carcinoma: a multicenter prospective study.

Introduction: Since patients with pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often have multiple pharyngeal lesions, evaluation of pharyngeal lesions before endoscopic resection (ER) is important. However, detailed endoscopic observation of the entire pharyngeal mucosa under conscious sedation is difficult. We examined the usefulness of endoscopic surveillance with narrow band imaging (NBI) and lugol staining for detection of pharyngeal sublesions during ER for pharyngeal SCC under general anesthesia (endoscopic surveillance during treatment; ESDT).

Phase III study of bilayer sustained-release tramadol tablets in patients with cancer pain: a double-blind parallel-group, non-inferiority study with immediate-release tramadol capsules as an active comparator.

Purpose: We investigated whether twice-daily administration of a bilayer tablet formulation of tramadol (35% immediate-release [IR] and 65% sustained-release) is as effective as four-times-daily IR tramadol capsules for managing cancer pain.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-comparator, non-inferiority study enrolled opioid-naïve patients using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen (paracetamol) to manage cancer pain and self-reported pain (mean value over 3 days ≥ 25 mm on a 100-mm visual analog scale [VAS]). Patients were randomized to either bilayer tablets or IR capsules for 14 days.

Effects of Food Properties and Aging on External Auditory Canal Movements Associated With Mastication.

Few objective evaluations of external auditory canal movement during mastication have been conducted. This study investigated the extent to which age and physical properties influence such movement. The effects of food properties and aging on ear canal movement during mastication were investigated using an earable reliable chewing-count measurement device.

5-year follow-up results of a JCOG1104 (OPAS-1) phase III non-inferiority trial to compare 4 courses and 8 courses of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for pathological stage II gastric cancer.

Background: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for 1 year (corresponding to eight courses) is the standard treatment for pathological stage II gastric cancer. The phase III trial (JCOG1104) investigating the non-inferiority of four courses of S-1 to eight courses was terminated due to futility at the first interim analysis. To confirm the primary results, we reported the results after a 5-years follow-up in JCOG1104.

Real-World Treatment Sequencing in Vulnerable Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Data regarding treatment sequence for vulnerable patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a real-world setting are lacking.

Objective: We aimed to assess treatment outcomes in second-line or later chemotherapy for vulnerable patients with mCRC in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: Vulnerable patients with mCRC who received less intensive treatment ('vulnerable') regimens, i.

Lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary and solid patterns: Recurrence rate and trends.

Background: Lung adenocarcinomas with micropapillary pattern (MP) or solid pattern (SP) have poor prognosis with frequent postoperative recurrence. However, treatment strategies for these histological subtypes have not been established. This study examined the recurrence rates and patterns in patients with these histological subtypes.

Vascular anatomical study of persistent descending mesocolon in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) is a rare congenital atypia of fixation of the descending colon, and currently, very few detailed studies exist on its vascular anatomy. This study was conducted to evaluate the features of the vascular anatomy of PDM to help avoid intraoperative lethal injury and subsequent postoperative complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 534 patients who underwent laparoscopic left-sided colorectal surgery.

A Phase II Trial of Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Combination with Cetuximab Rechallenge in Patients with RAS Wild-Type mCRC Refractory to Prior Anti-EGFR Antibodies: WJOG8916G Trial.

Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) improved the overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who had previously received standard chemotherapies; however, the clinical outcomes remain poor.

Objective: A multicenter phase II study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of FTD/TPI plus cetuximab rechallenge.

Patients And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed RAS wild-type mCRC refractory to prior anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody were enrolled and treated with FTD/TPI (35 mg/m twice daily on days 1-5 and 8-12) plus cetuximab (initially 400 mg/m, followed by weekly 250 mg/m) every 4 weeks.

Regional Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Pharmacokinetics-Related Genes in Human Intestine.

The intestine is an organ responsible for the absorption and metabolism of orally administered drugs. To predict pharmacokinetics behavior in the small intestine, it is necessary to examine the human intestinal expression profiles of the genes related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). In this study, to obtain more accurate expression profiles in various regions of the human intestine, biopsy samples were collected from endoscopically noninflamed mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum from Japanese including Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis patients, and both RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics analyses were performed.

Artificial Nerve Conduit for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Reconstruction in Thyroid Surgery.

Objective: Oncological reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is sometimes necessary for RLN invaded by thyroid cancer. There have been no case reports of RLN reconstruction using artificial nerve conduits, which are often used for peripheral nerves. In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a collagen conduit with collagen filaments for RLN reconstruction cases at our hospital.

Radiotherapy Plus Cetuximab for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 79 Patients in Japan.

There are a few reports that focus on radiotherapy (RT) and cetuximab (CET) therapy exclusively for oral cancer. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RT and CET therapy for locally advanced (LA) or recurrent/metastatic (R/M) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Seventy-nine patients from 13 hospitals who underwent RT and CET therapy for LA or R/M OSCC between January 2013 and May 2015 were enrolled in the study.

Five-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing bursectomy and omentectomy alone for resectable gastric cancer (JCOG1001).

Background: Bursectomy, the total resection of the bursa omentalis, is a standard procedure in gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer. A phase III trial (JCOG1001) comparing bursectomy and omentectomy alone was terminated early at the interim analysis. The final results of the updated analysis after a minimum follow-up of 5 years are reported here.

Pattern of disease progression during third-line or later chemotherapy with nivolumab associated with poor prognosis in advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan.

Background: Accelerated tumor growth during immunotherapy in pre-existing measurable lesions, hyperprogressive disease (HPD), has been reported. However, progression of non-measurable lesions and new lesions are frequently observed in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods: This retrospective study involved AGC patients at 24 Japanese institutions who had measurable lesions and received nivolumab after ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy.

Primary Teeth-Derived Demineralized Dentin Matrix Autograft for Unilateral Maxillary Alveolar Cleft during Mixed Dentition.

This clinical report describes the immediate autograft of primary (milk) teeth-derived demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) granules for a 6-year-old boy with unilateral alveolar cleft. First, four primary teeth were extracted, crushed in an electric mill for 1 min, and the crushed granules were demineralized in 2% HNO solution for 20 min. Simultaneously, the nasal mucoperiosteum was pushed upwards above the apices of the permanent central incisor adjacent to the cleft.

WJOG13219G: The Efficacy and Safety of FOLFOXIRI or Doublet plus Anti-VEGF Therapy in Previously Untreated BRAF Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Registry-Based Study (BRACELET Study).

Background: The real-world survival benefit of FOLFOXIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) plus anti-VEGF therapy (Triplet) over doublet chemotherapy (Doublet) remains controversial in patients with BRAF mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients And Methods: WJOG13219G was a multicenter, retrospective, registry-based study of patients with BRAF mutant mCRC who received first-line triplet or doublet chemotherapy from January 2014 to December 2019 in Japan. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for patient background.

Salivary gland polymorphous adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathological features and gene alterations in 36 Japanese patients.

Background: Polymorphous adenocarcinoma is a common intraoral minor salivary gland carcinoma in Western countries but is extremely rare in Japan. The current study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features and status of molecular alterations of polymorphous adenocarcinoma-associated genes, such as PRKD1/2/3, ARID1A, and DDX3X, in a large cohort of Japanese patients with polymorphous adenocarcinoma.

Methods: We examined the cases of 36 Japanese patients with salivary gland polymorphous adenocarcinoma and 26 cases involving histopathological mimics.

Phase II Study of Ramucirumab Plus Irinotecan Combination Therapy as Second-Line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: HGCSG1603.

Background: Ramucirumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibody that inhibits tumor cell growth and affects the tumor cell microenvironment. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab plus irinotecan combination therapy as second-line treatment in patients with previously treated advanced gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients with advanced gastric cancer refractory or intolerant to primary chemotherapy were included.