352 results match your criteria: "Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy[Affiliation]"

Background: Although vancomycin is commonly used to treat methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) infections, there are no clear guidelines for the optimal 24 h AUC24/MIC ratio. This study aimed to determine the target AUC24/MIC ratio associated with vancomycin-treated MRCoNS infection outcomes.

Methods: This multicentre retrospective cohort study included adult patients who received vancomycin for ≥5 days for bloodstream infections caused by MRCoNS between January 2018 and December 2023.

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Background: Nacubactam (NAC), a new diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor, is being developed for use together with aztreonam (AZT) and cefepime (CFPM). However, the effective clinical dosages of AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC have not yet been established. We have previously shown that free time above instantaneous MIC (fT > MICi) is a valuable pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic parameter for β-lactam (BL)/NAC in a mouse thigh infection model.

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  • Intentional overdoses (OD) of OTC and prescription drugs are increasingly becoming a global issue, and there’s a lack of social media-focused research on this topic.* -
  • This study analyzed over 30,000 Japanese Twitter posts related to "OD" using advanced language processing techniques, identifying specific drug mentions and emotional tones.* -
  • Findings indicated a significant correlation between negative emotions and OD incidents, highlighting the potential of social media surveillance in identifying high-risk individuals and shaping prevention efforts.*
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Exploring factors related to difficulties in extracting tablets or capsules from press-through-packages is essential for optimizing the dosage form. To achieve this, the involvement of patient insight is important. In the present study, the preferences of patients regarding drugs that are difficult to extract from their packaging were collected using an electronic medication notebook ('harmo®') based on dispensing data.

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Background: Platinum chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC); however, validated biomarkers that can accurately predict platinum response are lacking. Based on their roles in the underlying pathophysiology, circulating microRNAs are potential, noninvasive biomarkers in cancer. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the circulating miRNA profiles of patients with HGSOC and to assess their potential utility as biomarkers to predict platinum response.

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  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the impact of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) on the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), sourcing data from various medical databases.
  • The analysis included 33 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved patients with heart or kidney disease, showing no significant increase in AKI risk when using MRAs (RR 1.13), but did find an increased risk of kidney injury overall (RR 1.52).
  • Specific MRAs like canrenone and spironolactone were linked to a higher risk of kidney injury, while eplerenone and finerenone did not appear to increase this risk, suggesting that the choice
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This study demonstrates that adverse events (AEs) extracted using natural language processing (NLP) from clinical texts reflect the known frequencies of AEs associated with anticancer drugs. Using data from 44,502 cancer patients at a single hospital, we identified cases prescribed anticancer drugs (platinum, PLT; taxane, TAX; pyrimidine, PYA) and compared them to non-treatment (NTx) group using propensity score matching. Over 365 days, AEs (peripheral neuropathy, PN; oral mucositis, OM; taste abnormality, TA; appetite loss, AL) were extracted from clinical text using an NLP tool.

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Background: Although adherence to antipsychotic medication is critical in the treatment of schizophrenia, prior studies have not adequately distinguished between intentional and unintentional non-adherence.

Methods: This study included outpatients with schizophrenia. Self-reported intentional non-adherence was assessed cross-sectionally using the Japanese version of the Intentional Non-Adherence Scale (INAS-J).

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  • Concomitant use of NSAIDs and PPIs may increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), but the impact of other gastroprotective agents like misoprostol hasn't been fully studied.
  • The study analyzed data from over 11,600 patients on NSAIDs to compare the incidence of AKI among those using histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), misoprostol, and PPIs, considering various patient factors.
  • Results indicated that while AKI occurred in 0.5% of H2RA users and 1.1% of PPI users, none in the misoprostol group, suggesting that PPIs may carry a higher AKI risk than H2
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To conduct clinical pharmacy research, we often face the limitations of conventional statistical methods and single-center observational study. To overcome these issues, we have conducted data-driven research using machine learning methods and medical big data. Decision tree analysis, one of the typical machine learning methods, has a flowchart-like structure that allows users to easily and quantitatively evaluate the occurrence percentage of events due to the combination of multiple factors by answering related questions with Yes or No.

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  • The study focused on analyzing narratives from breast cancer patients to identify various concerns using a natural language processing model called BERT.
  • Researchers labeled interview transcripts with five categories of concerns: "treatment," "physical," "psychological," "work/financial," and "family/friends."
  • The classifiers created from these labeled texts demonstrated varying precision levels, with high scores for "physical" and "work/financial," and lower scores for "treatment," indicating room for improvement through domain adaptation techniques.
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  • * Drugs were categorized based on name similarity (Name-Similar vs. Name-Dissimilar) and efficacy similarity (Efficacy-Same, Efficacy-Close, Efficacy-Far), revealing a notably higher error rate (36%) for pairs with similar names and the same efficacy.
  • * Findings suggest that drug name similarity significantly increases the risk of dispensing errors, indicating the m2-vwhtfrag index is a valuable tool for assessing these errors and helping to predict risks associated with new medications.
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  • Proper antimicrobial use in hospitals and community pharmacies is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance, yet studies on community pharmacies are lacking.
  • A study at Nakanomaru Pharmacy analyzed prescriptions from February 2021 to January 2023 to assess the impact of using oral third-generation cephalosporins on overall antimicrobial usage.
  • Results showed a decrease in third-generation cephalosporin prescriptions, an increase in penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins, and no rise in treatment failure rates, supporting the idea that narrow-spectrum antimicrobials can be effectively recommended.
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Objective In randomized clinical trials and real-world studies, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including erenumab, have demonstrated efficacy for migraine prevention. However, there have been no real-world studies focusing on erenumab in East Asia that investigated its efficacy on migraine-associated symptoms and patient-reported satisfaction levels. Methods This single-center, observational, retrospective, real-world study examined patients who received at least three doses of erenumab at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, between December 2021 and March 2023 as their first CGRP mAb treatment in a real-world setting.

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Background: The association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines and myocarditis/pericarditis in the Japanese population has not been systematically investigated. This study was aimed at clarifying the association between SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and myocarditis/pericarditis as well as influencing factors by using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.

Methods: Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for the association between the vaccines and myocarditis/pericarditis were calculated using data from the database (April 2004-December 2023).

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  • The study aimed to evaluate patient outcomes from pharmacist interventions in home health care by analyzing pharmaceutical care records from Nakajima Pharmacy involving 591 cases from April 2020 to December 2021.
  • Key reasons for pharmacist interventions included new or uncontrolled symptoms, with 72.8% of those receiving interventions followed up and 59.2% showing symptom improvement.
  • The study also found that pharmacists often adjusted medications, with over 90% of patients experiencing no change in symptoms despite dosage reductions, highlighting the importance of tracking medication history for effective follow-up.
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Introduction: Pharmacists are needed as members of oncology teams. The Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists (JSHP) conducts a nationwide survey annually to analyze the actual situation and generate fundamental information about hospital pharmacy practice in Japan. Using data from this large-scale survey, we described pharmacists' involvement in cancer chemotherapy.

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Aberrant regulation of serine metabolism drives extracellular vesicle release and cancer progression.

Cell Rep

August 2024

Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate cells in the tumor microenvironment to benefit their own growth and survive in the patient's body. Although emerging evidence has demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of EV release, regulating cancer-specific EV secretion remains challenging. In this study, we applied a microRNA library to reveal the universal mechanisms of EV secretion from cancer cells.

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Background: Teicoplanin is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, the optimal trough concentrations for pediatric patients remain unclear owing to the lack of monitoring guidelines. This study aimed to determine the optimal teicoplanin trough concentration for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections in children.

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Purpose: Denosumab is used to treat patients with bone metastasis from solid tumors, but sometimes causes severe hypocalcemia, so careful clinical management is important. This study aims to externally validate our previously developed risk prediction model for denosumab-induced hypocalcemia by using data from two facilities with different characteristics in Japan and to develop an updated model with improved performance and generalizability.

Methods: In the external validation, retrospective data of Kameda General Hospital (KGH) and Miyagi Cancer Center (MCC) between June 2013 and June 2022 were used and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-AUC was mainly evaluated.

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