The Role of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Ocular Allergies.

In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize the layers of the cornea and conjunctiva in real time. In patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), this technology can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the disease, as well as evaluating the efficacy of treatments. IVCM can reveal subclinical abnormalities in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium such as inflammatory cell infiltrates and tissue damage, which can provide insight into the pathogenesis of AKC.

Comparison of Long-Term Corneal Astigmatic Changes After Cataract Surgery in Eyes With Superior or Horizontal Clear Corneal Incisions.

Purpose: To compare long-term corneal astigmatic changes after stabilization of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) subsequent to phacoemulsification between eyes that underwent superior clear corneal incision (CCI) or horizontal CCI.

Design: Retrospective, comparative case series.

Methods: We examined the anterior corneal astigmatism of eyes that underwent a 2.

Progression of posterior vitreous detachment after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) between eyes that underwent cataract surgery and eyes that did not undergo surgery in non-highly myopic patients.

Methods: One-hundred twenty-five eyes of 125 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification and 125 eyes of 125 age-matched patients who did not undergo surgery were enrolled. PVD status was evaluated using swept-source optical coherence tomography at 2 days (baseline), and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and classified into five stages: 0 (no), 1 (paramacular), 2 (perifoveal), 3 (peripapillary), and 4 (complete).

Short-Term Changes in Prediction Error after Cataract Surgery in Eyes Receiving 1 of 3 Types of Single-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To compare short-term changes in refractive prediction error (PE) after phacoemulsification among eyes receiving different types of single-piece acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Methods: A total of 195 eyes of 195 patients scheduled for implantation of a single-piece acrylic IOL were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 IOLs: 1) an Alcon model SN60WF, 2) a Hoya model XY-1, or 3) an AMO model ZCB00V.

Current Management and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.

A better understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of dry eye disease leads to more efficient management and treatment of the disease process. However, there is substantial variation among both clinicians and countries in terms of dry eye treatment modalities. The latest 2017 International Dry Eye Workshop II report aimed to reduce these differences and emphasized the use of a stepped care algorithm.

[Treatment of West syndrome: present and future perspectives].

The efficacy and side effects of various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), especially pyridoxine, ACTH and valproate sodium (VPA), in the treatment of West syndrome were reviewed. ACTH remains to be the most effective treatment for West syndrome. However, there are significant adversive effects with prolonged ACTH therapy.