Comparison of Craniocaudal Spread of Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block With Two Volumes of Local Anesthetics.

Background: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a less invasive, safer, and technically easier procedure compared to the conventional neuraxial technique. Although the ESPB is a favored and easy technique compared to neuraxial block, there is no study with a large number of patients describing the exact spread level of injected local anesthetics.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify ESPB spread in the craniocaudal direction and the incidence of spread into the epidural space, psoas muscle, and intravascular system.

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Feature in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is usually established using characteristic clinical features such as sudden, severe, and unilateral facial pain. Studies about diverse clinical features and epidemiologic data of TN have been reported previously; however, most of the previous studies have evaluated in and focused on Caucasian and Western populations.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diverse clinical features, currently applied types of treatment, and brain imaging studies in patients with TN in a Korean population.

Analysis of the Hemodynamic Response During Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) of the trigeminal ganglion is an excellent treatment option for medically intractable trigeminal neuralgia. However, this procedure can manifest abrupt changes in cardiovascular responses. With abrupt cardiovascular changes, a sudden trigeminocardiac reflex can occur during RFT of the trigeminal ganglion.

Comparison of Intravascular Uptake and Technical Ease Between Anteroposterior and Oblique Views During Lumbar Medial Branch Block.

Background: Inadvertent intravascular injection of local anesthetics can lead to false-negative results following lumbar medial branch block (MBB) performed to diagnose facet joint origin pain. A previous study demonstrated that the type of approach method could affect the incidence of intravascular injections and technical ease of the procedure.

Objectives: The primary objective of our study was to compare the incidence of inadvertent intravascular injection and technical ease of the MBB between anteroposterior (AP) and oblique (OB) views.

Comparison of Changes in the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Following Thoracic Epidural Normal Saline Injection in Laparoscopic Surgery.

Background: Thoracic epidural analgesia is useful for postoperative pain control after upper abdominal surgery. However, epidural analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery may potentiate an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). ICP can be effectively evaluated by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).

Studies of Supraorbital Notch and Foramen Using 3-Dimensional Facial Bone CT Scans.

Background: The supraorbital foramen or notch is located at the superior orbital rim. Previous studies have reported anatomical variations in these structures. However, the results varied depending on races and the measurement method used.