Associations Between Food Restriction, Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Co-Use, and Consequences Among College Students.

Background: Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) and food restriction on days students intend to drink are associated with an increased risk of substance use-related consequences. However, these negative outcomes have been studied mostly in alcohol-only use contexts. Little is known about the combination of alcohol, marijuana, SAM, and food restriction.

Lebrikizumab is associated with improvements in patient-reported symptoms and quality-of-life measures across Eczema Area and Severity Index response categories: pooled results from phase-3 randomized ADvocate1 and ADvocate2 studies in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Background: Lebrikizumab monotherapy significantly improved signs and symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in phase 3 Advocate1 and ADvocate2 studies.

Objective: To evaluate improvements in patient-reported symptoms and quality-of-life (QoL) measures by Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) response categories using pooled Advocate1 and ADvocate2 data (post hoc analysis).

Methods: In the 52-week (W) (16-W induction + 36-W maintenance) double-blind, placebo-controlled ADvocate1 and ADvocate2 studies, patients were randomized (2:1) to receive subcutaneous lebrikizumab 250 mg or placebo every 2 weeks.

Lysoglycerophospholipid metabolism alterations associated with ambient fine particulate matter exposure: Insights into the pro-atherosclerotic effects.

The biological pathways connecting ambient fine particulate matter (PM)-induced initial adverse effects to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are not fully understood. We hypothesize that lysoglycerophospholipids (LysoGPLs) are pivotal mediators of atherosclerosis induced by exposure to PM. This study investigated the changes of LysoGPLs in response to PM exposure and the mediation role of LysoGPLs in the pro-atherosclerotic effects of PM exposure.

Addressing the unmet need in NSCLC progression with advances in second-line therapeutics.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of cases. Despite advancements in first-line treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies, resistance to these treatments is common, creating a significant unmet need for effective second-line therapies. This review evaluates current and emerging second-line therapeutic options for advanced or metastatic NSCLC, focusing on their efficacy and potential to improve patient outcomes.

Nicotine and cannabis vaping among early high school adolescents: Disparities of use across sociodemographic characteristics and associations with psychosocial factors.

This study examines whether adolescent nicotine and cannabis vaping types (i.e., nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual use) differ across sociodemographic and school characteristics (e.

Predicting Antidepressant Treatment Response From Cortical Structure on MRI: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA-MDD Working Group.

Accurately predicting individual antidepressant treatment response could expedite the lengthy trial-and-error process of finding an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested and compared machine learning-based methods that predict individual-level pharmacotherapeutic treatment response using cortical morphometry from multisite longitudinal cohorts. We conducted an international analysis of pooled data from six sites of the ENIGMA-MDD consortium (n = 262 MDD patients; age = 36.

Early treatment discontinuation in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are recommended to treat patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability high (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pivotal trials have fixed a maximum ICI duration of 2 years, without a compelling rationale. A shorter treatment duration has the potential to improve patients' quality of life and reduce both toxicity and cost without compromising efficacy.

Intraoperative FiO and risk of impaired postoperative oxygenation in lung resection: A propensity score-weighted analysis.

Study Objective: To assess whether, in a lung resection cohort with a low probability of confounding by indication, higher FiO is associated with an increased risk of impaired postoperative oxygenation - a clinical manifestation of lung injury/dysfunction.

Design: Pre-specified registry-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Two large academic hospitals in the United States.

Refining breast cancer genetic risk and biology through multi-ancestry fine-mapping analyses of 192 risk regions.

Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known breast cancer risk loci using genome-wide association study data from 172,737 female breast cancer cases and 242,009 controls of African, Asian and European ancestry. We identified 332 independent association signals for breast cancer risk, including 131 signals not reported previously, and for 50 of them, we narrowed the credible causal variants down to a single variant.

Randomized Control Trial Evaluating Different Modalities of Real-Time Surgical Feedback.

Introduction:: Surgical training is a constant exchange between trainers and trainees, and intraoperative surgical feedback is an integral part of learning. New technologies in robotic surgery allow for the delivery of visual aid and verbal feedback intraoperatively, but it has not yet been determined if feedback type affects the trainee learning process.

Methods:: 49 novice participants were recruited and randomized into four feedback groups: , , of verbal/visual, and no feedback ().

Antihypertensive Deprescribing and Functional Status in VA Long-Term Care Residents With and Without Dementia.

Background: Deprescribing antihypertensives is of growing interest in geriatric medicine, yet the impact on functional status is unknown. We emulated a target trial of deprescribing antihypertensive medications compared with continued use on functional status measured by activities of daily living (ADL) in a long-term care population.

Methods: We included 12,238 Veteran Affairs long-term care residents age 65+ who had a stay ≥ 12 weeks between 2006 and 2019.

Low-Pass Whole Genome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA from Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Focus on Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors.

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) technology has allowed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a previously underutilized biofluid, to be analyzed in new ways. The interrogation of CSF-derived cfDNA is giving rise to novel molecular insights, particularly in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors, where invasive tumor tissue acquisition may be challenging. Contemporary disease monitoring is currently restricted to radiographic surveillance by magnetic resonance imaging and CSF cytology to directly detect abnormal cells and cell clusters.

Peer E-Cigarette and Cannabis Use and Adolescent Anxiety: Findings from a Mixed-Methods Study.

Objective: Adolescents are typically motivated to conform to peer influence, including substance use behaviors, and it is likely that adolescents who deviate from their peers' substance use behaviors might experience stress and anxiety.

Method: A mixed-methods approach was utilized to examine the relationship between peer e-cigarette and cannabis use and symptoms of generalized anxiety among a diverse sample of 12 grade students in Los Angeles County, California, USA ( = 1,867, = 17.04, SD = 0.

Corporate genome screening India (CoGsI) identified genetic variants association with T2D in young Indian professionals.

Rising cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in India, especially in metropolitan cities is an increasing concern. The individuals that were most affected are young professionals working in the corporate sector. However, the corporate sector has remained the least explored for T2D risk predisposition.

Substance use and disordered eating risk among college students with obsessive-compulsive conditions.

Purpose: College students are at higher risk for problematic substance use and disordered eating. Few studies have examined the comorbid risks associated with OCD despite the increased prevalence of OCD among young adults. This study examined substance use and disordered eating risk associated with OCD conditions among college students and how this association may vary by sex/gender.

Sexual Harassment in Academic Anesthesiology: A Survey of Prevalence, Sources, Impact, and Recommendations.

Background: A report by the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) showed that academic anesthesiology has the highest prevalence of sexual harassment among specialties for both men and women. We aimed to explore the prevalence, sources, and impact of sexual harassment on anesthesiologists in academic centers in the United States and Canada. We also sought recommendations for its mitigation.

FOXO1 pathway activation by VISTA immune checkpoint restrains pulmonary ILC2 functions.

Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a pivotal role in the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing ILC2 function remain inadequately explored. This study uncovers V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) as an inhibitory immune checkpoint crucial for modulating ILC2-driven lung inflammation.

Treatment Decision-Making Among Chinese Americans With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Objective: There has been limited research on the influence of race and ethnicity on treatment decision-making for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This prospective study aims to investigate potential factors linked to treatment modality choice among patients with medically refractory CRS, distinguishing between Chinese American and non-Chinese American patients.

Methods: CRS patients with persistent symptoms despite prior medical treatment were prospectively enrolled.

Intermittent fasting as a treatment for obesity in young people: a scoping review.

Intermittent fasting focuses on the timing of eating rather than diet quality or energy intake, with evidence supporting its effects on weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with obesity. However, there is limited evidence for its feasibility and efficacy in young people. To address this, a scoping review was conducted to examine intermittent fasting regimens in individuals aged 10 to 25 for the treatment of obesity focusing on methodology, intervention parameters, outcomes, adherence, feasibility, and efficacy.

A sustainable and expedited 'One-Stop' prostate cancer diagnostic pathway to reduce environmental impact and enhance accessibility.

Objective: To assess the carbon footprint, accessibility, and diagnostic performance of an expedited 'One-Stop' prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic pathway.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1083 consecutive patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by transrectal ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsy (PBx) were identified from a prospective database. The patients were divided according to the diagnostic pathway: One-Stop, with MRI and same-day PBx (3 hours apart), or Standard, with MRI followed by a second visit for PBx.