The epidemiology of injury and illness at the Vitality Netball World Cup 2019: an observational study.

Background: Netball is a physical game with sudden direction changes, decelerations, jumping and landing, stop/start maneuvers and restrictive footwork rules exposing players to injury. Close contact play and shared facilities during tournaments, increase illness risk.: To describe incidence, period prevalence, types and severity of injuries and illnesses during the 10-day Vitality Netball World Cup 2019 (NWC).

Substance use disorders in the farming population: Scoping review.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the current knowledge base in order to make recommendations for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders among the farming populations.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between January 1989 and September 2019. The search yielded 3,426 citations and the final review was conducted on 42 articles.

Systematic Placement of the Enigmatic Southeast Asian Genus and an Updated Phylogeny of Tribe Pogostemoneae (Lamiaceae Subfamily Lamioideae).

(Lamiaceae) is a monotypic genus within the subfamily Lamioideae and has a sporadic distribution in subtropical mountains of southeast Asia. Although recent studies have greatly improved our understanding of generic relationships within Lamioideae, the second most species-rich subfamily of Lamiaceae, the systematic position of within the subfamily remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic placement of the genus using three datasets: (1) a 69,276 bp plastome alignment of Lamiaceae; (2) a five chloroplast DNA region dataset of tribe Pogostemoneae, and (3) a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region dataset of Pogostemoneae.

GIS-based evaluation and statistical determination of groundwater geochemistry for potential irrigation use in El Moghra, Egypt.

The El Moghra area is located in northwestern Egypt in the Western Desert. It is classified as the first priority of the national project to reclaim 1.50 million feddan of Egypt's desert lands.

Dual sensor measurement shows that temperature outperforms pH as an early sign of aerobic deterioration in maize silage.

High quality silage containing abundant lactic acid is a critical component of ruminant diets in many parts of the world. Silage deterioration, a result of aerobic metabolism (including utilization of lactic acid) during storage and feed-out, reduces the nutritional quality of the silage, and its acceptance by animals. In this study, we introduce a novel non-disruptive dual-sensor method that provides near real-time information on silage aerobic stability, and demonstrates for the first time that in situ silage temperature (T) and pH are both associated with preservation of lactic acid.

Limited Evidence for Accumulation of Latent Infections of Canker-Causing Pathogens in Shoots of Stone Fruit and Nut Crops in California.

Prevalence of latent infections of the canker-causing fungi and species of , , , , and in young shoots of almond, prune, and walnut trees in California was studied to test the hypotheses that latent infections accumulate from current-season shoots to 1-year-old shoots in the orchard and there are distinct associations among pathogen taxa present as latent infections in the same shoot. Samples of newly emerged and 1-year-old shoots were periodically collected in each almond, prune, and walnut orchard for two growing seasons. A real-time quantitative PCR assay was used to quantify latent infection with three parameters: incidence, molecular severity, and latent infection index.

Isolation of Histone from Sorghum Leaf Tissue for Top Down Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Potential Epigenetic Markers.

Histones belong to a family of highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes. They pack DNA into nucleosomes as functional units of chromatin. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones, which are highly dynamic and can be added or removed by enzymes, play critical roles in regulating gene expression.

Frequency of sodium channel genotypes and association with pyrethrum knockdown time in populations of Californian Aedes aegypti.

Background: Since their detection in 2013, Aedes aegypti has become a widespread urban pest in California. The availability of cryptic larval breeding sites in residential areas and resistance to insecticides pose significant challenges to control efforts. Resistance to pyrethroids is largely attributed to mutations in the voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC), the pyrethroid site of action.

Field Ecology and Food Suitability of Tarsonemus spp. (Acari: Tarsonemidae).

Tarsonemus bakeri Ewing (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is a species of mite commonly associated with citrus in many countries including the United States. A short report in 1942 suggested this species is phytophagous, but it has not been reported as a pest in citrus or any other crop since then. A single survey of 78 orchards in three growing regions in California demonstrated that Tarsonemus spp.

A general model of the thermal constraints on the world's most destructive locust, Schistocerca gregaria.

All terrestrial ectotherms are constrained to some degree by their thermal environment and the extent to which they can behaviorally buffer variable thermal conditions. New biophysical modeling methods (NicheMapR) allow the calculation of the body temperature of thermoregulating animals anywhere in the world from first principles, but require detailed observational data for parameterization and testing. Here we describe the thermoregulatory biology of marching bands of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania where extreme heat and strong diurnal fluctuations are a major constraint on activity and physiological processes.

Evaluation of Pruning Wound Protection Products for the Management of Almond Canker Diseases in California.

Almond trunk and branch canker diseases constitute a major cause of tree mortality in California. Numerous fungal pathogens have been associated with these canker diseases and pruning wounds act as major infection courts. Before this study, there were no products registered in California for the management of these diseases.

An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics.

Background: A robust molecular phylogeny is fundamental for developing a stable classification and providing a solid framework to understand patterns of diversification, historical biogeography, and character evolution. As the sixth largest angiosperm family, Lamiaceae, or the mint family, consitutes a major source of aromatic oil, wood, ornamentals, and culinary and medicinal herbs, making it an exceptionally important group ecologically, ethnobotanically, and floristically. The lack of a reliable phylogenetic framework for this family has thus far hindered broad-scale biogeographic studies and our comprehension of diversification.

Phylogenetic, Morphological, and Pathogenic Characterization of Species Associated With Fruit Rot of Mandarin in California.

Alternaria rot caused by species is one of the major postharvest diseases of mandarin fruit in California. The aims of this study were to identify these species via phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics and test their pathogenicity on mandarin. Decayed mandarin fruits exhibiting Alternaria rot symptoms were collected from three citrus fruit packinghouses in the Central Valley of California.

Work Safety Culture of Latinx Child Farmworkers in North Carolina.

Background: Little research has addressed the safety environment of child farmworkers. This analysis examines the work safety culture experienced by Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina.

Methods: Survey interviews were conducted in 2017 with 202 Latinx children aged 10 to 17 years employed on North Carolina farms.

Pleurostoma Decline of Olive Trees Caused by in California.

A single fungal pathogen was consistently isolated from symptomatic wood of olive trees () displaying branch and trunk cankers in superhigh-density orchards in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys of California. Morphological characters of the pathogen included two distinct types of conidia (thick-walled, dark brown, and globose and thin-walled, hyaline, and oblong to ellipsoid) and three types of phialides, indicating a pleurostoma-like fungus. Phylogenetic results of four nuclear loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.

Synthesis of bilayer films from regenerated cellulose nanofibers and poly(globalide) for skin tissue engineering applications.

Commercial cell-based skin regenerative products are highly expensive, carry the risk of rejection and require a long cell culture period to manufacture. This work describes the synthesis of bilayer films from poly(globalide) (PGl) and regenerated cellulose nanofibers (rCNFs) and their use as a cell-free scaffold to support keratinocyte attachment and proliferation. The method is simple, eco-friendly (as the cellulose precursor is obtained from agricultural waste) and of low cost.

Evaluation of a 'Preventative' Strategy to Manage Spider Mites on Almond.

Field experiments were conducted in two commercial almond orchards located in the southern San Joaquin Valley during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate a "preventative" strategy to manage spider mites. Pacific mite, McGregor, was identified as the only mite species infesting the experimental sites in both years. We monitored mites weekly in 3.

Quantification of the Aflatoxin Biocontrol Strain AF36 in Soil and in Nuts and Leaves of Pistachio by Real-Time PCR.

The species and are commonly found in the soils of nut-growing areas in California. Several isolates can produce aflatoxins that occasionally contaminate nut kernels, conditioning their sale. Strain AF36 of , which does not produce aflatoxins, is registered as a biocontrol agent for use in almond, pistachio, and fig crops in California.

Cross-Resistance Among Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides With Brazilian Isolates as a Foundation to Discuss Brown Rot Control in Stone Fruit.

Despite the resistance problems in , demethylation inhibitor fungicides (DMIs) are still effective for the disease management of brown rot in commercial stone fruit orchards in Brazil. This study aims to investigate the sensitivity of isolates and efficiency of DMIs to reduce brown rot. A set of 93 isolates collected from Brazilian commercial orchards were tested for their sensitivities to tebuconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, and myclobutanil.

Development of a Mating Disruption Program for a Mealybug, , in Vineyards.

The vine mealybug (VMB), (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a key insect pest of vineyards, and improvements in sustainable control of this pest are needed to meet increasing consumer demand for organically farmed products. One promising option is mating disruption. In a series of experiments conducted from 2004 to 2007, we tested the effects of mating disruption on trap captures of males in pheromone-baited traps, on numbers and age structure on vines, and on damage to grape clusters.

Next-generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics.

Biological control is widely successful at controlling pests, but effective biocontrol agents are now more difficult to import from countries of origin due to more restrictive international trade laws (the Nagoya Protocol). Coupled with increasing demand, the efficacy of existing and new biocontrol agents needs to be improved with genetic and genomic approaches. Although they have been underutilised in the past, application of genetic and genomic techniques is becoming more feasible from both technological and economic perspectives.

Further Investigation on Limb Dieback of Fig () Caused by in California.

Fig limb dieback is a cosmopolitan disease caused by (Botryosphaeriaceae), characterized by branch and shoot cankers, discoloration of woody tissues, and dieback. The present study investigated the etiology of the disease in California that seems to have become prevalent among fig orchards in the last several years. During orchard surveys in Fresno, Kern, and Madera Counties over 3 years, we isolated consistently and evaluated the pathogenicity of under laboratory and field conditions.

Fungal Pathogens Associated With Canker Diseases of Almond in California.

Almond canker diseases are destructive and can reduce the yield as well as the lifespan of almond orchards. These diseases may affect the trunk and branches of both young and mature trees and can result in tree death soon after orchard establishment in severe cases. Between 2015 and 2018, 70 almond orchards were visited throughout the Central Valley of California upon requests from farm advisors for canker disease diagnosis.

Biological Suppression of Populations of Adapted to Different Host Genotypes of Sugar Beet.

Productivity of sugar beet and brassica vegetable crops is constrained by the nematode worldwide. In sugar beet cropping areas of Central Europe and North America, is managed by crop rotation, and cultivation of resistant brassica cover crops. The recently released nematode-tolerant sugar beet cultivars suffer less damage than susceptible cultivars at high initial population densities of .