[Fatal severe community-acquired pneumonia: risk factors, clinical characteristics and medical errors of hospital patients].

Unlabelled: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common disease and potentially life-threatening infection in the worldwide. In the Nizhny Novgorod region, no analysis of the causes of mortality and medical errors of severe CAP patients.

Aim: To analyze the patients structure who died severe CAP in hospitals of the Nizhny Novgorod region, to identify the leading risk factors, to assess the clinical characteristics of fatal severe CAP and medical errors according to medical records of patients from 20152016.

[Possibilities of improvement of anti-epidemic events at forensic medical institution on the basis of quality management approaches].

The article shows the experience of the Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Ministry of Health of Tatarstan Republic in organizing and ensuring anti-epidemic measures using a quality management system. The comprehensive implementation of anti-epidemic measures in the expert institution dictates the need for regulation of the main provisions by internal documents (standard operative procedures), built on the basis of existing regulatory legal acts. The method of quality management system based on the Shekhard-Deming cycle was applied in practical activities, a process-based approach was used to organize work in organization.

Long acting anti-infection constructs on titanium.

Peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a serious adverse event following joint replacement surgeries; antibiotics are usually added to bone cement to prevent infection offset. For uncemented prosthesis, alternative antimicrobial approaches are necessary in order to prevent PJI; however, despite elution of drug from the surface of the device being shown one of the most promising approach, no effective antimicrobial eluting uncemented device is currently available on the market. Consequently, there is a clinical need for non-antibiotic antimicrobial uncemented prosthesis as these devices present numerous benefits, particularly for young patients, over cemented artificial joints.

Melanin from the Lichens Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracea: Structural Features and Physicochemical Properties.

Lichens are symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms with thalli formed by fungi and algae/cyanobacteria that possess high stress tolerance. One of the factors that contributes to the ability of a lichen to tolerate harsh environmental conditions is the presence of unique metabolites, including high-molecular-weight dark pigments termed melanins. The chemical composition and structure of lichen melanins remain poorly studied.

Translesion DNA Synthesis and Carcinogenesis.

Tens of thousands of DNA lesions are formed in mammalian cells each day. DNA translesion synthesis is the main mechanism of cell defense against unrepaired DNA lesions. DNA polymerases iota (Pol ι), eta (Pol η), kappa (Pol κ), and zeta (Pol ζ) have active sites that are less stringent toward the DNA template structure and efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions.

Lynch Syndrome Germline Mutations in Breast Cancer: Next Generation Sequencing Case-Control Study of 1,263 Participants.

Genome instability-the increased tendency of acquiring mutations in the genome and ability of a cell to tolerate high mutation burden-is one of the drivers of cancer. Genome instability results from many causes including defects in DNA repair systems. Previously, it has been shown that germline pathogenic mutations in DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway cause cancer-predisposing Lynch Syndrome.

Measuring the Inter and Intraspecific Sexual Shape Dimorphism and Body Shape Variation in Generalist Ground Beetles in Russia.

Ground beetles in multiple species vary greatly in the expression of the shape on sexual traits, resulting in a sexual shape dimorphism as a consequence of sexual selection differences. The present research focuses on the study of inter and intrasexual sexual shape dimorphism of two generalist genera of ground beetles and . Geometric morphometric methods were applied to five generalist species of ground beetles , , , , and and several multivariate analyses were applied for two different traits, abdomen and elytra.

Identification of the KRIT1 Protein by LexA-Based Yeast Two-Hybrid System.

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a vascular malformation of the central nervous system that is associated with leaky capillaries, and a predisposition to serious clinical conditions including intracerebral hemorrhage and seizures. Germline or sporadic mutations in the CCM1/KRIT1 gene are responsible for the majority of cases of CCM. In this article, we describe the original characterization of the CCM1/KRIT1 gene.

Comparison of the Microbiota and Inorganic Anion Content in the Saliva of Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Free Individuals.

The oral cavity is one of the most complex microbial environments; however, the complex nature of the salivary microbiota and the level of inorganic anions in the saliva of subjects with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are poorly understood. The primary goals of this pilot research were to assess differences in salivary bacterial community composition and inorganic anion concentrations between patients with GERD and GERD-free people. Thus, the salivary microbiota within both groups was dominated by these genera: Streptococcus, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Veillonella, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Rothia, and Leptotrichia.

Changes in Membrane and Threshold Potentials of Command Neurons in Terrestrial Snail during Development of a Conditioned Situational Defensive Reflex.

Changes of the electrical characteristics of command neurons of defensive behavior caused by the development of a conditioned situational defensive reflex were studied experimentally under in vitro conditions on preparations of the nervous system of snails. After learning, the membrane and threshold potentials of command neurons LPa3 and RPa3 significantly decreased and excitability of the studied neurons increased.

Cardiolipin is required in vivo for the stability of bacterial translocon and optimal membrane protein translocation and insertion.

Translocation of preproteins across the Escherichia coli inner membrane requires anionic lipids by virtue of their negative head-group charge either in vivo or in situ. However, available results do not differentiate between the roles of monoanionic phosphatidylglycerol and dianionic cardiolipin (CL) in this essential membrane-related process. To define in vivo the molecular steps affected by the absence of CL in protein translocation and insertion, we analyzed translocon activity, SecYEG stability and its interaction with SecA in an E.

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus sp. EE-W1 isolated from a biogas reactor.

Objectives: The genus Bacillus comprises spore-forming rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria, which usually grow aerobically or anaerobically. Members of this genus are common environmental microorganisms. Also, they can be monitored in the food production chain.

Mitochondrial and mitochondrial-independent pathways of myocardial cell death during ischaemia and reperfusion injury.

Acute myocardial infarction causes lethal injury to cardiomyocytes during both ischaemia and reperfusion (IR). It is important to define the precise mechanisms by which they die in order to develop strategies to protect the heart from IR injury. Necrosis is known to play a major role in myocardial IR injury.

Transcriptomic data of subsp. serovar Typhimurium str. 14028S treated with novobiocin.

In enteric bacteria, DNA supercoiling is highly responsive to environmental conditions. Host specific features of environment serve as cues for the expression of genes required for colonization of host niches via changing supercoiling [1]. It has been shown that substitution at position 87 of GyrA of str.

Non-coding RNAs and nuclear architecture during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. On the other hand, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common interstitial lung disease showing a prevalence of 20 new cases per 100,000 persons per year. Despite differences in cellular origin and pathological phenotypes, LC and IPF are lung diseases that share common features, including hyperproliferation of specific cell types in the lung, involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced activity of signaling pathways, such as tissue growth factor (TGFB), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), wingless secreted glycoprotein (WNT) signaling, among others.

Thrombin Promotes Macrophage Polarization into M1-Like Phenotype to Induce Inflammatory Responses.

Despite strong evidence supporting the cellular interplay between haemostasis and innate immunity, humoral connections between blood coagulation and the behavior of inflammatory macrophages are not well understood. In this study, we investigated changes in gene expression of selected cytokines and chemokines and their secretion profiles following thrombin stimulation of murine macrophages. Thrombin promoted differentiation of macrophages into an M1-like phenotype that was associated with the expression of classical pro-inflammatory markers.

Ascorbate Peroxidase of Moss Dicranum scoparium: Gene Identification and Enzyme Activity.

In the present work, the APX gene encoding ascorbate peroxidase in the moss Dicranum scoparium was for the first time cloned and sequenced, and a high homology of APX with ascorbate peroxidase genes of the mosses Grimmia pilifera and Physcomitrella patens was shown. The structure of the protein was characterized using bioinfomatics approach, and the activity of the enzyme under abiotic stresses was studied. An increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was detected during desiccation of D.

Genetic Factors of Nitric Oxide's System in Psychoneurologic Disorders.

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Regulation of Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Transcription.

Regular low intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic training) provides effective protection against various metabolic disorders. Here, the roles played by transient transcriptome responses to acute exercise and by changes in baseline gene expression during up-regulation of protein content in human skeletal muscle were investigated after 2 months of aerobic training. Seven untrained males were involved in a 2 month aerobic cycling training program.

Antibacterial activity profile of miramistin in in vitro and in vivo models.

Background: Miramistin is a widely used antiseptic, disinfectant and preservative, and one of the most popular antimicrobial agents on pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (http://www.dsm.ru/en/news/385/).

Deconstruction of plant biomass by a Cellulomonas strain isolated from an ultra-basic (lignin-stripping) spring.

Plant material falling into the ultra-basic (pH 11.5-11.9) springs within The Cedars, an actively serpentinizing site in Sonoma County, California, is subject to conditions that mimic the industrial pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production.

GABA in developing rat skeletal muscle and motor neurons.

In recent years, considerable evidence is accumulated pointing to participation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in intercellular signaling in the peripheral nervous system, including, in particular, neuromuscular transmission. However, where in the neuromuscular synapse GABA is synthesized remains not quite clear. We used histochemical methods to detect GABA and L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in developing skeletal muscle fibers and in cultured motor neurons.

Nanoparticle delivery of cardioprotective therapies.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the heart failure (HF) that often follows, are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Crucially, there are currently no effective treatments, other than myocardial reperfusion, for reducing myocardial infarct (MI) size and preventing HF following AMI. Thus, there is an unmet need to discover novel cardioprotective therapies to reduce MI size, and prevent HF in AMI patients.