Intra- and Interpopulation Diversity of the Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Species.

Our study investigates the intra- and interpopulation diversity of phytopathogenic fungi, using as a model organism. A total of 136 strains, representing two populations, were collected from different winter cereal crops (rye, wheat, and triticale) across two agrocenoses. In these strains, we analyzed and compared genetic and phenotypic traits, exploring potential relationships between them.

Kinetics of Electron Transfer between Redox Cofactors in Photosystem I Measured by High-Frequency EPR Spectroscopy.

The kinetics of the primary electron donor P and the quinone acceptor A redox transitions were simultaneously studied for the first time in the time range of 200 μs-10 ms using high-frequency pulse Q-band EPR spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures in various complexes of photosystem I (PSI) from the cyanobacterium PCC 6803. In the A-core PSI complexes that lack 4Fe4S clusters, the kinetics of the A and P signals disappearance at 100 K were similar and had a characteristic time of τ ≈ 500 μs, caused by charge recombination in the PA ion-radical pair in the branch of redox cofactors. The kinetics of the backward electron transfer from A to P in the branch of redox cofactors with τ < 100 μs could not be resolved due to time limitations of the method.

Antibacterial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (Review).

The use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles is frequently regarded as a potential solution to the issue of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Among the proposed range of nanoparticles with antibacterial properties, copper oxide nanoparticles are of particular interest. Although the antibacterial properties of copper have been known for a considerable period of time, studies on the effects of copper oxide nanomaterials with respect to biological systems have attracted considerable attention in recent years.

Phosphonates of : Discovery and Role in Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Many phytopathogens' gene products that contribute to plant-pathogen interactions remain unexplored. In one of the most harmful phytopathogenic bacterium (), phosphonate-related genes have been previously shown to be among the most upregulated following host plant colonization. However, phosphonates, compounds characterized by a carbon-phosphorus bond in their composition, have not been described in species and other phytopathogenic bacteria, with the exception of and .

A novel terpene-BODIPY conjugates based fluorescent probes: Synthesis, spectral properties, stability, penetration efficiency into bacterial, fungal and mammalian cells.

The design of fluorescent probes based on biocompatible luminophores for medical diagnostics is one of the rapidly developing areas worldwide. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel BODIPYs containing a propanoic acid residue at the α-position of one of the pyrrole rings conjugated to (+)-myrtenol or thiotherpenoid. Both conjugates are quite photostable (t ∼ 40 h) and exhibit high fluorescence efficiency (φ ∼ 77-90 %).

Synthesis and Antitumour Activity of Hybrid Compounds Based on 4-Aminophenylarsonic Acid and Spatially Hindered Phenols.

One of the main modern approaches to the creation of effective drugs is the design of new biologically active substances containing two or more pharmacophore groups in their structure. In recent years, there have been many publications on the synthesis and study of biological activity, including antitumour activity, of new organo-arsenic compounds. It is known that spatially hindered phenols can also have antitumor activity, so the synthesis and study of hybrid compounds based on organo-arsenic compounds and spatially hindered phenols is a relevant area of research.

CYP74B34 Enzyme from Carrot () with a Double Hydroperoxide Lyase/Epoxyalcohol Synthase Activity: Identification and Biochemical Properties.

The lipoxygenase cascade in plants is a source of oxylipins (oxidized fatty acid derivatives), which play an important role in regulatory processes and formation of plant response to stress factors. Some of the most common enzymes of the lipoxygenase cascade are 13-specific hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs, also called hemiacetal synthases) of the CYP74B subfamily. In this work, we identified and cloned the gene from carrot ( L.

Specificity of widely used lectins as probed with oligosaccharide and plant polysaccharide arrays.

Glycan-binding specificity was studied for Jacalin, RCA 120, SBA, PHA-L, PHA-E, WGA, UEA, AAL, LTL, LEL, SNA, DSA, LCA, MAH and Con A, lectins widely used in histochemistry. Oligosaccharide- and polysaccharide-based glycan arrays were applied. Expected specificity was confirmed for only 6 of the 15 lectins and the glycan binding profiles of some lectins were dramatically broader than generally accepted.

Overexpression of RPOTmp Being Targeted to Either Mitochondria or Chloroplasts in Leads to Overall Transcriptome Changes and Faster Growth.

The transcription of organellar genes is performed by three nuclear-encoded RNA polymerases: RPOTm, RPOTmp, and RPOTp. The RPOTmp protein possesses ambiguous transit peptides, allowing participation in gene expression control in both mitochondria and chloroplasts, although its function in plastids is still under discussion. Here, we show that the overexpression of RPOTmp in , targeted either to mitochondria or chloroplasts, disturbs the dormant seed state, and it causes the following effects: earlier germination, decreased ABA sensitivity, faster seedling growth, and earlier flowering.

Novel binuclear copper(II) complexes with sulfanylpyrazole ligands: synthesis, crystal structure, fungicidal, cytostatic, and cytotoxic activity.

New binuclear copper(II) [Cu(II)] tetraligand complexes (six examples) with sulfanylpyrazole ligands were synthesized. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies have shown that in solution the complexes are transformed to the mononuclear one. Fungicidal properties against Candida albicans were found for the Cu complexes with benzyl and phenyl substituents.

A supramolecular assembly of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin and viologen calix[4]resorcinol as the master key to sustainable and eco-friendly catalyst for paraoxon hydrolysis.

The search for effective ways of paraoxon (POX) degradation becomes an extremely urgent problem, which can be solved by creating effective bioscavengers in the form of three-dimensional macrocycles. In this work, supramolecular interactions in an aqueous medium were studied between (4-sulfobutyl)-β-cyclodextrin, the hydrophobic cavity of which is capable of binding POX, and viologen calix[4]resorcinol, the cationic groups of which are able to facilitate the nucleophilic attack on the phosphorus atom of the pesticide. A complex of physicochemical methods revealed the nature of the interactions between these cyclodextrin and calix[4]resorcinol, as a result of which the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles occurs.

Expression of auxin transporter genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum) fibers during gravity response.

Gravitropism is an adaptive reaction of plants associated with the ability of various plant organs to be located and to grow in a certain direction relative to the gravity vector, while usually the asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin is a necessary condition for the gravitropical bending of plant organs. Earlier, we described significant morphological changes in phloem fibers with a thickened cell wall located on different sides of the stem in the area of the gravitropic curvature. The present study is the first work devoted to the identification of genes encoding auxin transporters in cells at different stages of development and during gravity response.

[Plasma and salivary acetylcholinesterase activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Objective: Assessment of plasma and salivary acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in an animal model of the disease.

Material And Methods: We studied 41 participants, aged 31 to 71 years, including 17 patients with diagnosed ALS (ALS group, average age 62.3±2.

Inactivation of the TIM complex components leads to a decrease in the level of DNA import into Arabidopsis mitochondria.

The phenomenon of DNA import into mitochondria has been shown for all major groups of eukaryotes. In plants and animals, DNA import seems to occur in different ways. It has been known that nucleic acids enter plant organelles through alternative channels, depending on the size of the imported molecules.

RpoS-Regulated Genes and Phenotypes in the Phytopathogenic Bacterium .

The alternative sigma factor RpoS is considered to be one of the major regulators providing stress resistance and cross-protection in bacteria. In phytopathogenic bacteria, the effects of RpoS have not been analyzed with regard to cross-protection, and genes whose expression is directly or indirectly controlled by RpoS have not been determined at the whole-transcriptome level. Our study aimed to determine RpoS-regulated genes and phenotypes in the phytopathogenic bacterium .

Genomic Insights into the Microbial Agent MGMM6 for Various Biotechnology Applications.

Microbial biotechnology plays a crucial role in improving industrial processes, particularly in the production of compounds with diverse applications. In this study, we used bioinformatic approaches to analyze the genomic architecture of MGMM6 and identify genes involved in various metabolic pathways that have significant biotechnological potential. Genome mining revealed that MGMM6 consists of a linear chromosome of 6,932,303 bp, with a high G+C content of 73.

Sorption-oxidation mechanism for the removal of arsenic (III) using Cu-doped ZnO in an alkaline medium.

1-D oxides Zn1-xCuxO and spherical composites Zn1-xCuxO/CuO were obtained by thermolysis of formate-glycolate complexes Zn1-xCux (HCOO)(OCH2CH2O)1/2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15). The structural and property characteristics showed that Cu was introduced into the Zn site of the ZnO lattice to form the Zn0.

A supramolecular catalyst based on sodium alginate and viologen calix[4]resorcinol for the room temperature hydrolysis of paraoxon.

Properties of paraoxon, such as poor water solubility, low rate of natural decomposition, ability to accumulate in soil and wastewater, lead to the fact that paraoxon is found in various agricultural products and textiles. In this regard, the search for effective ways of paraoxon degradation becomes an extremely urgent problem, which can be solved by creating catalysts by mimicking paraxonase. In this work, a complex of physicochemical methods was used to study the supramolecular interactions of sodium alginate, which has a calcium-binding ability similar to paraxonase, with viologen calix[4]resorcinol and to reveal the nature of the intermolecular interactions between them resulting in the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles.

Can Activation of Acetylcholinesterase by β-Amyloid Peptide Decrease the Effectiveness of Cholinesterase Inhibitors?

A central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of senile plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. In this study, it has been shown that Aβ augmented AChE activity in vitro, maximum activation of 548 ± 5% was achieved following 48 h of incubation with 10 μM of Aβ, leading to a 7.

Microbial tapestry of the Shulgan-Tash cave (Southern Ural, Russia): influences of environmental factors on the taxonomic composition of the cave biofilms.

Background: Cave biotopes are characterized by stable low temperatures, high humidity, and scarcity of organic substrates. Despite the harsh oligotrophic conditions, they are often inhabited by rich microbial communities. Abundant fouling with a wide range of morphology and coloration of colonies covers the walls of the Shulgan-Tash cave in the Southern Urals.

Linkage of the Dinuclear Gold(I) Complex Luminescence and Origin of Endocyclic Amino Group of Cyclic PN-Bridging Ligands.

Gold(I) complexes of LAuCl composition based on PN ligands, namely 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, containing ethylpyridyl substituents at the phosphorus atoms and sp- or sp-hybridized endocyclic nitrogen atoms were synthesized. The SCXRD analysis indicated the strong impact of the geometry of the nitrogen atom on the structure and conformational flexibility of the complexes. The -aryl substituted ligand with the planar endocyclic nitrogen atom provides higher flexibility of the complex and an ability to bind the solvent molecules in the "host-guest" mode, whereas that kind of behavior is forbidden for the complex with an -alkyl substituted ligand with a pyramidal nitrogen atom.

Aβ1-42 Accumulation Accompanies Changed Expression of Ly6/uPAR Proteins, Dysregulation of the Cholinergic System, and Degeneration of Astrocytes in the Cerebellum of Mouse Model of Early Alzheimer Disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of oligomeric toxic forms of β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) and dysfunction of the cholinergic system in the different brain regions. However, the exact mechanisms of AD pathogenesis and the role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the disease progression remain unclear. Here, we revealed a decreased expression of a number of the Ly6/uPAR proteins targeting nAChRs in the cerebellum of 2xTg-AD mice (model of early AD) in comparison with non-transgenic mice both at mRNA and protein levels.

Conjugates of nucleobases with triazole-hydroxamic acids for the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase and treatment of delayed neurodegeneration induced by organophosphate poisoning.

A series of new uncharged conjugates of adenine, 3,6-dimetyl-, 1,6-dimethyl- and 6-methyluracil with 1,2,4-triazole-3-hydroxamic and 1,2,3-triazole-4-hydroxamic acid moieties were synthesized and studied as reactivators of organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterase. It is shown that triazole-hydroxamic acids can reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by paraoxon (POX) in vitro, offering reactivation constants comparable to those of pralidoxime (2-PAM). However, in contrast to 2-PAM, triazole-hydroxamic acids demonstrated the ability to reactivate AChE in the brain of rats poisoned with POX.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoroquinolones containing a pyridoxine derivatives moiety.

We report herein the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of series of 7-substituted fluoroquinolones with pyridoxine derivatives. In vitro screening of antibacterial activity and toxicity of 39 synthesized fluoroquinolones defined compounds 7 and 28 as lead compounds for further investigations. On various clinical isolates lead compounds 7 and 28 exhibited antibacterial activity comparable with reference fluoroqinolones.