Variability of microbiomes in winter rye, wheat, and triticale affected by snow mold: predicting promising microorganisms for the disease control.

Background: Snow mold caused by different psychrophilic phytopathogenic fungi is a devastating disease of winter cereals. The variability of the snow mold pathocomplex (the quantitative composition of snow mold fungi) has not been evaluated across different crops or different agrocenoses, and no microbial taxa have been predicted at the whole-microbiome level as potential effective snow mold control agents. Our study aimed to assess the variability of the snow mold pathocomplex in different winter cereal crops (rye, wheat, and triticale) in different agrocenoses following the peak disease progression and to arrange a hierarchical list of microbial taxa predicted to be the main candidates to prevent or, conversely, stimulate the development of snow mold pathogens.

Cyclic Imines and Their Salts as Universal Precursors in the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Alkaloids.

Alkaloids are predominantly nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds that are usually isolated from plants, and sometimes from insects or animals. Alkaloids are one of the most important types of natural products due to their diverse biological activities and potential applications in modern medicine. Cyclic imines were chosen as starting compounds for the synthesis of alkaloids due to their high synthetic potential.

Conjugation of Triterpenic Acids with 3-Aminoquinuclidine Moiety: An Approach to Acetylcholinesterase Mixed or Uncompetitive Type Inhibitors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health issue. Despite the fact that today there are several methods of maintenance therapy, one of the most widely used methods is designed to correct the deficiency of acetylcholine. In the search for new potential inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes, eight new derivatives of 3-oxo- or 2,3-indolo-triterpenic acid conjugated with amino-quinuclidine bicyclic cores were designed and synthesized.

A comprehensive analysis of the impact of arsenic, fluoride, and nitrate-nitrite dynamics on groundwater quality and its health implications.

Groundwater contamination is a growing global concern. The objective of the present study is to assess the groundwater quality of Khairpur district, Sindh, Pakistan-a region which is emblematic of broad environmental and public health challenges prevalent in South Asian countries. The study also aims to comprehend the impact of arsenic (As), fluoride (F), and nitrate (NO) dynamics and its health implications.

25-Hydroxycholesterol modulates synaptic vesicle endocytosis at the mouse neuromuscular junction.

Many synaptic vesicles undergo exocytosis in motor nerve terminals during neuromuscular communication. Endocytosis then recovers the synaptic vesicle pool and presynaptic membrane area. The kinetics of endocytosis may shape neuromuscular transmission, determining its long-term reliability.

Effect of Side Substituent on Comb-like Polysiloxane Membrane Pervaporation Properties During Recovery of Alcohols C2-C4 from Water.

The pervaporation properties of membranes based on comb-like polysiloxanes when C-C alcohols are removed from water were studied for the first time. It was established that membranes based on comb-like polysiloxanes with linear aliphatic and organosilicon substituents have increased permeability selectivity for C alcohols. The obtained results were interpreted from the point of view of the solubility of the components of the separated mixture in polysiloxanes.

DFT Approach for Predicting C NMR Shifts of Atoms Directly Coordinated to Pt: Scopes and Limitations.

In this study, comparative analysis of calculated and experimental C NMR shifts for a wide range of model platinum complexes showed that, on the whole, the theory reproduces the experimental data well. The chemical shifts of carbon atoms directly bonded to Pt can be calculated well only within the framework of the fully relativistic matrix Dirac-Kohn-Sham (mDKS) level ( = 0.9973, = 3.

Polystyrene-Poly(acrylic acid) Block Copolymers for Encapsulation of Butyrylcholinesterase into Injectable Nanoreactors.

The article is devoted to the creation of enzymatic nanoreactors based on polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) copolymers containing bioscavengers capable of neutralizing toxic esters both in the body and in the environment. Block copolymers of different amphiphilicity, hydrophilicity and molecular weights were synthesized and characterized using gel permeation chromatography, NMR and UV spectroscopy. Polymeric nanocontainers in the absence and presence of human butyrylcholinesterase were made by film hydration and characterized by dynamic light scattering and microscopy methods.

Novel Fluoroquinolones With Pinane Moiety: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity.

Here, we report a synthesis of fluoroquinolones carrying a monoterpene moiety at the C7 position of aromatic structure. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolone fused with trans-3-hydroxy-cis-myrtanylamine 18 against Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA isolates) were two- to eightfold lower compared to moxifloxacin, although fourfold higher against MRSA isolates. The fluoroquinolone fused with (-)-nopylamine 16 was four- to eightfold less active on MSSA compared to moxifloxacin, while had similar activity on MRSA.

An α7 nicotinic and GABA receptor-mediated pathway controls acetylcholine release in the tripartite neuromuscular junction.

Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) are capable of regulating acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We have identified GABA as a gliotransmitter at mouse NMJs. When ACh activates α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChRs) on TSCs, GABA is released and activates GABA receptors on the nerve terminal that subsequently reduce ACh release.

Intra- and Interpopulation Diversity of the Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Species.

Our study investigates the intra- and interpopulation diversity of phytopathogenic fungi, using as a model organism. A total of 136 strains, representing two populations, were collected from different winter cereal crops (rye, wheat, and triticale) across two agrocenoses. In these strains, we analyzed and compared genetic and phenotypic traits, exploring potential relationships between them.

Effect of the radial temperature gradient on resonant oscillations of gas in a closed tube.

Resonant oscillations of gas in a closed tube with a heat source are studied. The amplitude-frequency characteristics and spatial distributions of pressure and velocity amplitudes in a tube with a radial temperature gradient are calculated. It is shown that a radial temperature gradient leads to the radial dependence of the oscillation velocity in the flow core and reduces the average value of the momentum source due to viscosity.

Bismuth-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites: synthesis and applications.

In the vast landscape of materials science, bismuth emerges as a compelling element with unique properties and diverse applications. Its intriguing characteristics and advancements in nanotechnology have propelled bismuth-based nanoparticles to the forefront of scientific exploration, promising breakthroughs in various disciplines. This comprehensive review explores diverse methods for synthesizing bismuth-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites, ranging from conventional approaches such as hydrothermal and sol-gel to innovative techniques such as microwave-assisted, microemulsion, and green synthesis.

Enhanced anticancer and biological activities of environmentally friendly Ni/Cu-ZnO solid solution nanoparticles.

The study investigates the impact of incorporating Ni and Cu into the lattice of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance their anticancer and antioxidant properties. Characterization techniques including pXRD, FTIR, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, FESEM, and EDAX confirm the successful synthesis and structural modifications of Ni/Cu-ZnO NPs. Anticancer activity against breast cancer (MDA) and normal skin (BHK-21) cells reveals dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with Ni/Cu-ZnO NPs exhibiting higher efficacy against MDA cells while being less harmful to BHK-21 cells.

Non-Viral Systems Based on PAMAM-Calix-Dendrimers for Regulatory siRNA Delivery into Cancer Cells.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Recently, gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatment and has already entered clinical practice worldwide. RNA interference-based therapy is a promising method for cancer treatment.

Impairment of Skeletal Muscle Contraction by Inhibitors of GABA Transporters.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has a significant impact on the functioning of not only the central but also the peripheral part of the nervous system. Recently, various elements of the GABAergic signaling system have been discovered in the area of the neuromuscular junction of mammals. At the same time, the functional activity of membrane-bound GABA transporters (GATs) and their role in neuromuscular transmission have not been identified.

Facile preparation of polyethyleneimine-conjugated silver sulfide nanoparticles as near-infrared-responsive to sterilization of multidrug resistant uropathogens, and cytotoxicity activity.

Unlabelled: We present the chemical synthesis of polyethyleneimine-conjugated silver sulfide nanoparticles (PEI/AS) utilizing an economical solvothermal synthesis method, aimed at developing effective alternative antibacterial agents. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized materials, both with and without the application of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, was evaluated in vitro against two distinct clinically relevant multi-drug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic strains: and . The bactericidal effects induced by NIR light indicate that the PEI/AS nanoparticles possess an efficiency that is five times greater than that of AgS alone.

Time-resolved transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of electron donor-acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyads.

The photophysics of naphthalimide (NI)-phenothiazine (PTZ) dyads were investigated as electron donor-acceptor (D-A) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectra show that the photophysical processes in non-polar solvents are in singlet localized state (LE, = 0.8 ps) → Franck-Condon singlet charge separation state (CS, = 7.

Face-controlled chirality induction in octahedral thiacalixarene-based porous coordination cages.

Nanosized chiral octahedral M coordination cages were prepared self-assembly of sulfonylcalix[4]arene tetranuclear M(II) clusters (M = Co or Ni) with enantiomerically enriched linkers based on tris(dipyrrinato)cobalt(III) complexes, appended with peripheral carboxylic groups. Two pairs of enantiomers of cages were obtained and unambiguously characterized from a structural point of view, using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Chiral-HPLC was used to evidence the enantiomers.

Interplay between conformational flexibility, intermolecular H-bonding and 3d-metal cation extraction ability in a series of thiacalix[4]arene lower rim disubstituted Schiff base derivatives.

The rational design of organic ligands with the aim to control their binding abilities towards different metal ions can be considered as one of the key concepts in supramolecular coordination chemistry. Regarding the macrocyclic compounds of thiacalix[4]arene family, this can be achieved the targeted modulation of macrocyclic platform rigidity as well as the proper choice of appended binding sites. Four macrocyclic salen-type ligands based on lower rim disubstituted thiacalix[4]arene derivatives, adopted in a cone conformation, bearing highly coordinating iminophenolic or catecholic groups and two -CH- moieties as spacers but presenting different abilities to form H-bonds, were chosen to elucidate the interplay between the conformational flexibility of the macrocyclic ligands, propensity to participate in the intermolecular H-bonding and the extraction ability of 3d-metal cations.

The Photophysics of Naphthalimide-Phenoselenazine Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Revisiting the Heavy-Atom Effect in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence.

We prepared thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter dyads, NI-PTZ, NI-PTZ-2Br and NI-PSeZ, with naphthalimide (NI) as electron acceptor and 10H-phenothiazine (PTZ) or 10H-phenoselenazine (PSeZ) as electron donor to study the heavy-atom effect on the intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC (rISC) in the TADF emitters. The delayed fluorescence lifetimes of the dyads containing heavy atoms ( =5.9 μs for NI-PSeZ and =16.