[Analysis of the work of the Immunohistochemical Quality Control Center of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2023].

The article demonstrates a detailed analysis of the results of the rounds of quality control of immunohistochemical studies conducted by the Central Committee of the Immunohistochemical Quality Control Center of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2023. Typical shortcomings and errors in the immunohistochemical examination of various tumors have been identified and ways to eliminate them are given. Particular attention is paid to defining a panel of standard breast cancer markers and eliminating the shortcomings of immunohistochemical examination of markers of accompanying diagnosis.

Dabigatran for Treatment and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is common in children and associated with greater risk of thrombotic complications. Management of these complications with standard-of-care treatment is suboptimal for these children.

Methods And Results: The effectiveness and safety of dabigatran were demonstrated in pivotal pediatric studies for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE; NCT01895777) and secondary VTE prevention (NCT02197416).

A Systematic Review on the Safety of -Specific Antigen-Based Skin Tests for Tuberculosis Infection Compared With Tuberculin Skin Tests.

Background: A systematic review showed that the accuracy of antigen-based skin tests (TBSTs) for tuberculosis is similar to that of interferon γ release assay, but the safety of TBSTs has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods: We searched for studies reporting injection site reactions (ISRs) and systemic adverse events associated with TBSTs. We searched Medline, Embase, e-library, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for studies through 30 July 2021, and the database search was updated until 22 November 2022.

Planned, ongoing and completed tuberculosis treatment trials in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa: a 2019 cross-sectional descriptive analysis.

Unlabelled: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a deadly challenge globally and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) are among the countries with the highest TB burden. The objective of this study is to identify and describe ongoing, planned and completed TB trials conducted in the BRICS countries registered in WHO-International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP); to report selective outcome reporting by comparing primary outcomes in published trials with their prespecified outcomes in registry records and to evaluate the time to publication.

Methods And Analysis: We searched the WHO-ICTRP portal (20 January 2019) and the Russian Federation Registry (30 March 2019) to identify TB trials conducted in BRICS countries.

YOLOv4-Based CNN Model versus Nested Contours Algorithm in the Suspicious Lesion Detection on the Mammography Image: A Direct Comparison in the Real Clinical Settings.

Background: We directly compared the mammography image processing results obtained with the help of the YOLOv4 convolutional neural network (CNN) model versus those obtained with the help of the NCA-based nested contours algorithm model.

Method: We used 1080 images to train the YOLOv4, plus 100 images with proven breast cancer (BC) and 100 images with proven absence of BC to test both models.

Results: the rates of true-positive, false-positive and false-negative outcomes were 60, 10 and 40, respectively, for YOLOv4, and 93, 63 and 7, respectively, for NCA.

[Chronic cerebral ischemia and dizziness].

Older age is characterized by a high prevalence of dizziness/vertigo, including various variants - central and peripheral vestibular disorders, feelings of instability, balance disorders. High frequency of dizziness and chronic cerebral ischemia in the elderly age category supports traditional ideas about relationship of these pathologies. However, there is a known overestimation of Chronic cerebral ischemia as a cause dizziness of and unclear mechanisms of this process.

Cystic (including atypical) and solid breast lesion classification using the different features of quantitative ultrasound parametric images.

Purpose: The amount of ultrasound (US) breast examinations continues to grow rapidly because of the wider endorsement of breast cancer screening programs. Cysts are the most commonly diagnosed breast lesions. Atypical breast cysts can be a serious differentiation problem in the US.

[Assessment of the professional community awareness about innovative diets prescribed for hypertension].

Due to the fact of constantly increasing incidence of arterial hypertension and the large role of nutrition in the treatment and prevention of this disease, the assessment of the awareness of the medical community and patients about the trends in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic diets is relevant. of the research was to assess the physician and patient awareness on the trends in the development of therapeutic and prophylactic diets and different rations prescribed for hypertension prevention. .

[Failed back surgery syndrome: the role of central sensitization and treatment approaches].

Objective: To study a role of central sensitization (CS) in patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) after decompression of the lumbar and/or sacral roots.

Material And Methods: The study included three groups of patients: 1) early FBSS (e-FBSS, =23), pain after surgery decreased, but continued to significantly bother the patient, or recurred in the first 6 months after surgery; 2) middle FBSS (m-FBSS, =42), pain after surgery completely stopped, but recurred within 6-12 months; 3) late FBSS (l-FBSS, =31), if pain relapse occurred more than 12 months later. Neurological status assessment, study of muscle trigger zones (MTZ), postoperative scar trigger zones (TZS), pain assessment according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), CS assessment according to the Russian version of the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) were performed.

Effect of Aromaticity in Anion on the Cation-Anion Interactions and Ionic Mobility in Fluorine-Free Ionic Liquids.

Ionic liquids (ILs) composed of tetra(-butyl)phosphonium [P] and tetra(-butyl)ammonium [N] cations paired with 2-furoate [FuA], tetrahydo-2-furoate [HFuA], and thiophene-2-carboxylate [TpA] anions are prepared to investigate the effects of electron delocalization in anion and the mutual interactions between cations and anions on their physical and electrochemical properties. The [P] cations-based ILs are found to be liquids, while the [N] cations-based ILs are semi-solids at room temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed higher decomposition temperatures and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed lower glass transition temperatures for phosphonium-based ILs than the ammonium-based counterparts.

Dabigatran etexilate for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in children (DIVERSITY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 2b/3, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Dabigatran etexilate is a direct oral anticoagulant with potential to overcome the limitations of standard of care in children with venous thromboembolism. The aims of this clinical trial were to study the appropriateness of a paediatric dabigatran dosing algorithm, and the efficacy and safety of dabigatran dosed according to that algorithm versus standard of care in treating children with venous thromboembolism.

Methods: DIVERSITY is a randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel-group, phase 2b/3 non-inferiority trial done in 65 centres in 26 countries.

Structural and Ion Dynamics in Fluorine-Free Oligoether Carboxylate Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes.

Here, we investigate the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of fluorine-free ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolytes with two different cations, tetrabutylphosphonium, (P), and tetrabutylammonium, (N), coupled to a new anion, 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetate anion (MEEA), for both neat and (P)(MEEA) also doped with 10-40 mol % of Li(MEEA). We find relatively weaker cation-anion interactions in (P)(MEEA) than in (N)(MEEA), and for both ILs, the structural flexibility of the oligoether functionality in the anion results in low glass transition temperatures, also for the electrolytes made. The pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) data suggest faster diffusion of the (MEEA) anion than (P) cation in the neat IL, but the addition of a Li salt results in slightly lower mobility of the former than the latter and lower ionic conductivity.

Aneurysm of Upper Limb Arteries in Children: Report of Five Cases.

Background: Arterial aneurysm in children is rare.

Aim: To present the description of case series of successful surgical treatment of upper limb aneurysms in children. The case series included 2 boys and 3 girls, with median age 3.

Safety of dabigatran etexilate for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in children.

This open-label, single-arm, prospective cohort trial is the first phase 3 safety study to describe outcomes in children treated with dabigatran etexilate for secondary venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. Eligible children aged 12 to <18 years (age stratum 1), 2 to <12 years (stratum 2), and >3 months to <2 years (stratum 3) had an objectively confirmed diagnosis of VTE treated with standard of care (SOC) for ≥3 months, or had completed dabigatran or SOC treatment in the DIVERSITY trial (NCT01895777) and had an unresolved clinical thrombosis risk factor requiring further anticoagulation. Children received dabigatran for up to 12 months, or less if the identified VTE clinical risk factor resolved.

Gout. New opportunities of diagnosis and treatment.

In recent yearsincidences of gout has increased. Despite the current diagnostic possibilities, doctors face the difficultiesin establishing the diagnosis. In 2015new criteria of diagnosis of goutwere developed by European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR).

Elements of molecular machinery of GABAergic signaling in the vertebrate cholinergic neuromuscular junction.

It is generally accepted that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a signaling molecule abundant in central synapses. In a number of studies though, it has been shown that GABA signaling functions in the peripheral nervous system as well, in particular, in the synapses of sympathetic ganglia. However, there exists no firm evidence on the presence of GABAergic signaling cascade in the intercellular junctions of the somatic nerve system.

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of Dabigatran Etexilate Oral Liquid Formulation in Infants with Venous Thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more frequent in infants than in older children. Treatment guidelines in children are adapted from adult VTE data, but do not currently include direct oral anticoagulant use. Dabigatran etexilate (DE) use in the paediatric population with VTE therefore requires verification.

Paramagnetic Manganese in the Atherosclerotic Plaque of Carotid Arteries.

The search for adequate markers of atherosclerotic plaque (AP) instability in the context of assessment of the ischemic stroke risk in patients with atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries as well as for solid physical and chemical factors that are connected with the AP stability is extremely important. We investigate the inner lining of the carotid artery specimens from the male patients with atherosclerosis (27 patients, 42-64 years old) obtained during carotid endarterectomy by using different analytical tools including ultrasound angiography, X-ray analysis, immunological, histochemical analyses, and high-field (3.4 T) pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at 94 GHz.

[Management of post-sternotomy mediastinitis in cardiac patients].

Post-sternotomy mediastinitis is a severe complication of cardiac surgery and accompanied by high mortality and cost of treatment. To date, there are no large clinical trials defining treatment of these patients. In this study the authors offer early postoperative wound sanitation, use of vacuum drainage in all cases and surgical repair with local tissues.

[Certain technical aspects of performing carotid endarterectomy].

Aim: The study was aimed at improving the results of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by means of improving technical methods of performing reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation.

Material And Methods: From January 2012 to December 2014 at the Department of Vascular Surgery we performed a total of 703 CEA operations, including 183 (26%) according to the classical technique and 520 (74%) according to the eversion technique. The average age of patients amounted to 61.

Brain Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Defects: Linkage to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Synaptic Dysfunction.

Cholesterol is an important constituent of cell membranes and plays a crucial role in the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane and signaling. Brain cholesterol accounts for a large proportion of the body's total cholesterol, existing in two pools: the plasma membranes of neurons and glial cells and the myelin membranes . Cholesterol has been recently shown to be important for synaptic transmission, and a link between cholesterol metabolism defects and neurodegenerative disorders is now recognized.

[Pain fluctuations in Parkinson's disease].

Objective: To specify the character of pain syndromes and determine their relationship with main symptoms of ON and OFF periods in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa medications.

Material And Methods: Authors examined 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (27 women and 13 men), mean age 69.2±8 years (from 62 to 85 years), illness duration 9.

Mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) action on synaptic transmission at the mouse neuromuscular junction.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a widespread gasotransmitter also known as a powerful neuroprotective agent in the central nervous system. However, the action of H2S in peripheral synapses is much less studied. In the current project we studied the modulatory effects of the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on synaptic transmission in the mouse neuromuscular junction using microelectrode technique.

SNAP25 is a pre-synaptic target for the depressant action of reactive oxygen species on transmitter release.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in various physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system, but the specific pathways that mediate ROS signalling remain largely unknown. Using electrophysiological techniques and biochemical evaluation of isolated fusion proteins, we explored the sensitivity to standard oxidative stress of the entire synapse, the pre-synaptic machinery and essential fusion proteins underlying transmitter exocytosis. Oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2) plus Fe(2+) inhibited both evoked and spontaneous quantal release from frog or mouse motor nerve endings, while it left post-synaptic sensitivity unchanged.