Patterns and trajectories of inequality in physical activity from childhood to adolescence in Kazakhstan.

Objective: Sociodemographic differences in physical activity (PA) levels during the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in Central Asian countries, is lacking. In this study, we examine individual, family and environmental sociodemographic variables associated with PA among children and young adolescents in Kazakhstan.

Study Design: Secondary data analyses of two nationally representative cross-sectional studies administered by parents of children (aged 7-9 y) and by self-report surveys (adolescents aged, 11-15 y) .

Combined treatment for gastric cancer: Immunological approach.

Background/aims: Gastric cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases. It can develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs, especially the esophagus, lungs, and liver. The aim of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of our proposed therapy.

Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening in Kazakhstan.

Background: Issues of mass screening for prostate cancer rather controversial since 2013 in 11 regions of Kazakhstan introduced a population-based screening for prostate cancer, so we need to evaluate its results.

Methods: In different regions of Kazakhstan during 2013-2015, a total of 321548 prostate-specific antigens (PSA) were determined in men aged 50-66 yr, under the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy with histological examination.

Results: PSA level up to 4 ng/ml in 310870 (96.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORK IN A HOSPITAL IN KAZAKHSTAN.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement health technology assessment (HA) in the First General City Hospital in Astana, Kazakhstan.

Methods: We organized trainings to familiarize hospital staff with the purpose and details of HTA. An HTA committee was established, with representation from hospital physicians and managers, and criteria for prioritization of health technologies determined.