Colorectal Cancer and Its Microenvironment: A Brief Review.

Background: The narrative review aims to explore CRC pathogenesis by deciphering genetic-environmental interactions, analyzing the tumor microenvironment's role, and assessing treatment responses. These objectives seek to enhance clinical decision-making and improve CRC patient care through a comprehensive understanding of the disease.

Methods: A narrative review from 2019 to 2024 on colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and treatment strategies was conducted.

Isolation of a Unique Monoterpene Diperoxy Dimer From Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana Together With Triterpenes With Antidiabetic Properties.

Introduction: Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for enteric infections from 1990 to 2019.

Background: Enteric infections are among the most common infectious diseases. The aim of this article was to track the global trends in morbidity and mortality from enteric infections in 204 countries or territories from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total protein and their association with somatoform disorder in environmentally exposed populations in Kazakhstan.

Biochemical blood parameters may serve as biomarkers of environmental pollution, with somatoform disorder (SD) being of interest. This study examined serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin, total protein, and SD prevalence in populations from polluted areas in Kazakhstan. It assessed the predictive value of these parameters for SD, along with other risk factors.

First record of the genus Tshernyshev, 2009 (Coleoptera, Malachiidae) from China.

Background: Tshernyshev, 2009 is a small genus belonging to the tribe Malachiini in the family Malachiidae of the order Coleoptera, with six currently known species: (Erichson, 1840) from Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and North Africa; (Abeille de Perrin, 1885) from Central Europe to Central Asia; Ezzatpanah, 2011 from Iran; (Tshernyshev, 2000) from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan; (Medvedev, 1964) from Kazakstan, Russia and Mongolia; (Medvedev, 1964) from Kazakhstan and Turkey.

New Information: In this study, Tshernyshev, 2009 is newly recorded from China upon the discovery of (Medvedev, 1964) from Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The adult morphological characters are re-described in detail with illustrations of external appearance and relevant characters.

Database of soil properties incorporating organic content from roots and soil organisms for regional slope stabilisation.

The effectiveness of using vegetation to reinforce slopes is influenced by the soil and vegetation characteristics. Hence, this study pioneers the construction of an extensive soil database using random forest machine learning and ordinary kriging methods, focusing on the influence of plant roots on the saturated and unsaturated properties of residual soils. Soil organic content, which includes contributions from both soil organisms and roots, functions as a key factor in estimating soil hydraulic and mechanical properties influenced by vegetation roots.

Aspirin and Hemocompatibility After LVAD Implantation in Patients With Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: A Secondary Analysis From the ARIES-HM3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The Aspirin and Hemocompatibility Events With a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Advanced Heart Failure (ARIES-HM3) study demonstrated that aspirin may be safely eliminated from the antithrombotic regimen after HeartMate 3 (HM3 [Abbott Cardiovascular]) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This prespecified analysis explored whether conditions requiring aspirin (prior percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], stroke, or peripheral vascular disease [PVD]) would influence outcomes differentially with aspirin avoidance.

Objective: To analyze aspirin avoidance on hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) at 1 year after implant in patients with a history of CABG, PCI, stroke, or PVD.

Technological innovation and revolution with single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes: a review from section of EAU Endourology.

Purpose Of Review: Numerous scope-related innovations have taken place in the field of endourology. The presented analytical review is aimed at studying the technical innovations of the single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes. In November 2024, a comprehensive search was done for information on latest disposable flexible digital ureteroscopes, as well as their various unique characteristics.

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Live Attenuated Vaccine QazCOVID-Live Against Coronavirus Infection COVID-19: Pre-Clinical Study Results.

The research conducted in this preclinical study assesses QazCovid-live, a live attenuated COVID-19 vaccine created in Kazakhstan, by conducting preclinical evaluations of safety, immunogenicity, and allergenicity in various animal models, including mice, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. The vaccine, developed by attenuating SARS-CoV-2 via numerous Vero cell passages, had no significant adverse effects in acute and subacute toxicity assessments, even at elevated dosages. Allergenicity testing indicated the absence of both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

Synthesis and Study of Sorption Properties of Zinc-Imprinted Polymer.

Zinc-imprinted polymer (ZnIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were synthesized by radical polymerization, and their properties were studied. The novelty of the work lies in the use of humic acids isolated from coals of the Shubarkol deposit (Karaganda, Kazakhstan) as a basis for the imprinted polymer matrix, with methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a functional monomer and a cross-linking agent, respectively. The composition and structure of ZnIP and NIP were characterized using various physicochemical methods.

Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from an Oil Field in Kazakhstan and a Description of sp. nov.

Sulfidogenic bacteria cause numerous issues in the oil industry since they produce sulfide, corroding steel equipment, reducing oil quality, and worsening the environmental conditions in oil fields. The purpose of this work was to isolate and taxonomically identify the sulfidogenic bacteria responsible for the corrosion of steel equipment at the Karazhanbas oil field (Kazakhstan). In this study, we characterized five sulfidogenic strains of the genera , , and isolated from the formation water of the Karazhanbas oil field (Kazakhstan).

Small Molecules in Parkinson's Disease Therapy: From Dopamine Pathways to New Emerging Targets.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder affecting approximately 10 million people worldwide, with prevalence expected to rise as the global population ages. It is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait disturbances, as well as non-motor symptoms including olfactory disturbances, sleep disorders, and depression. Currently, no cure exists for PD, and most available therapies focus on symptom alleviation.

p53: The Multifaceted Roles of Covalent Modifications in Cancer.

The p53 protein has attracted huge research interest over several decades due to its role as one of the most important tumor suppressors in mammals, which orchestrates a synchronous response from normal cells in the body to various forms of stress. The diverse cellular activities of the p53 protein are regulated mainly via its post-translational modifications (PTMs). PTMs affect p53 on several levels: at the level of the assembly of tetrameric complexes on DNA to transactivate its target genes, at the level of the assembly of tetrameric complexes on DNA to transactivate its target genes; at the level of proteolysis in the absence of stress; and on the contrary, at the level of augmented protein stability in response to stress signals.

Inhibition of the Biofilm Formation of Plant .

This review is devoted to a systematic analysis of studies aimed at investigating plant extracts, essential oils and phytochemical compounds capable of inhibiting biofilm formation. This paper investigates the effect of extracts, essential oils and individual plant compounds on inhibiting the biofilm formation of , one of the major pathogens responsible for the development of dental caries. Using cultural microbiology and molecular biology techniques, the authors describe the mechanisms by which plant samples reduce adhesion and growth.

Cellulose-Based Sorbents: A Comprehensive Review of Current Advances in Water Remediation and Future Prospects.

Cellulose-based sorbents are promising materials for wastewater treatment due to their environmental friendliness, biodegradability, and high sorption capacity. This paper presents an overview of cellulose modification methods, including carboxylation, amination, oxidation, graphene, and plasma treatments, as well as combined approaches. Their effect on key physicochemical properties, such as porosity, morphology, and chemical stability, is considered.

Correction: Amanzhulov et al. Composition and Structure of NiCoFeCr and NiCoFeCrMn High-Entropy Alloys Irradiated by Helium Ions. 2023, , 3695.

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Experimental and Mathematical Modelling Investigation of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) for Surface Hardening of 20Ch Steel.

This study aimed to develop an alternative surface hardening technique for low-carbon steel alloy type 20Ch using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The surface hardening of 20Ch alloy steel samples was achieved through PEO in a NaCO electrolyte solution. Optimal processing parameters were determined experimentally by measuring voltage and applied current.

Transcription Factors ClrB and XlnR and Their Effect on the Transcription of Cellulase Genes in the Filamentous Fungus .

The filamentous fungus (anamorph ) has been shown to be an efficient producer of secreted cellulases, used in biorefinery processes. Understanding the mechanisms of regulation of cellulase gene expression in the fungus is a current task in industrial biotechnology, since it allows for targeted changes in the composition of the complex secreted by the fungus. Expression of cellulase genes in fungi is regulated mainly at the level of transcription via pathway-specific transcription factors (TF), the majority of which belong to the Zn(II)2Cys6 family of zinc binuclear cluster proteins.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Adults in Kazakhstan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Despite frequent references to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Kazakhstan, a comprehensive synthesis of existing research on this issue among adults is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to address this gap by determining the mean prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adults in Kazakhstan. A secondary objective is to evaluate whether the prevalence differs between healthy adults and those with chronic conditions.

TRAIL as a Warrior in Nano-Sized Trojan Horse: Anticancer and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Nano-Formulations of TRAIL in Cell Culture and Animal Model Studies.

Cancer is a therapeutically challenging and genomically complicated disease. Pioneering studies have uncovered multifaceted aspects of cancer, ranging from intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and genetic/epigenetic mutations. Loss of apoptosis is another critical aspect that makes cancer cells resistant to death.

Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission in COVID-19-Infected Pregnant Women Using Machine Learning.

: The rapid onset of COVID-19 placed immense strain on many already overstretched healthcare systems. The unique physiological changes in pregnancy, amplified by the complex effects of COVID-19 in pregnant women, rendered prioritization of infected expectant mothers more challenging. This work aims to use state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to predict whether a COVID-19-infected pregnant woman will be admitted to ICU (Intensive Care Unit).

The Impact of Ketamine on Outcomes in Acute Pain Management: An Umbrella Review.

: Ketamine offers effective pain relief with fewer side effects than traditional analgesics, making it a promising alternative for acute pain treatment. However, further research is needed to fully assess its role in perioperative care. This umbrella review aimed to compile the highest-quality evidence available regarding the application of ketamine in managing acute pain.

Comparison of CytoSorb and Jafron HA330 Hemoadsorption Devices in Pediatric Oncological Patients with Sepsis: Retrospective Observational Study.

Pediatric sepsis presents a severe risk to immunocompromised children, especially those with cancer or pre-existing conditions, posing a significant threat to their lives. Cytokine hemadsorption has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for managing sepsis and severe inflammatory conditions in critically ill patients. This innovative method involves eliminating pro-inflammatory cytokines from the bloodstream, targeting the underlying hyper-inflammatory response often seen in critical illnesses.

Heparin Resistance in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Review.

Heparin resistance (HR) in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) exacerbates bleeding and thrombogenesis. Thus far, there is no universal definition of what this condition entails and no unified strategy for assessing heparin's efficacy in ECMO patients. The most frequent discrepancy when it comes to defining HR is the difference in the reported doses: units per day (U/d) or per kilogram per hour (U/kg/h).