Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

A comparative analysis of alpha olefin sulfonate and dodecyl sulfate in aphronic fluid containing xanthan gum in a wide range of temperatures.

Geothermal energy, oil industry, and underground gas storage technology require deep drilling. Although oil-based drilling fluids have been widely used, they cause environmental issues. Environmentally friendly Aphronic fluid has emerged as an alternative to oil-based drilling fluid.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Flavonoid glycosides in Lepidium sativum seeds and their bioactivities.

Twelve flavonoid glycosides including five undescribed ones, lepisativutimines Q-U, were isolated and identified from Lepidium sativum seeds. Acid hydrolysis followed by acetic derivatization and GC analysis were conducted to determine the absolute configurations for sugars. Lepisativutimine U and beitingxinhuangtong A were uncommon kaempferol 8-S-glycosides, and complete NMR data of beitingxinhuangtong A were provided for the first time.

More Complex Investigations Improved Diagnoses of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children With Different Vaccination Histories.

Aim: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) significantly contributes to high infant mortality in Kazakhstan and developing effective treatment methods is critical. The aim of this study was to explore the microbiological and immunological characteristics of CAP in vaccinated and unvaccinated paediatric patients.

Methods: The study was carried out in the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital and the research centre of Karaganda Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Review of Methods for Detection in Kazakhstan.

() infection can cause a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic nonatrophic gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and extra-nodal B-cell lymphoma. Although the prevalence of infection has decreased among adults, it is still very common. Approximately 90% of gastric adenocarcinomas are associated with infection.

Hormonal Implications of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Endocrine Disruptions.

To improve medical care and rehabilitation algorithms for patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is important to evaluate and summarize the available data on the effect of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the endocrine system. The purpose of this review was to study the effect of COVID-19 on the endocrine system. The scientific novelty of this study is the evaluation of the effect of coronavirus infection on the endocrine system and the potential effect of hormones on susceptibility to COVID-19.

Multiplex immunochromatographic assay using a universal labeling reactant for determining antibiotic residues in milk.

Background And Aim: In animal husbandry, antibiotics are frequently used as growth promoters, as well as for illness prevention and treatment. They are considered important toxic and allergenic contaminants of food and a serious risk factor for the spread of antibiotic resistance. National and international regulatory authorities have established limits on the permissible residue of antibiotics in food.

Excitation Wavelength Optimization of Europium-Doped Carbon Dots (Eu-CDs) for Highly Sensitive Detection of Tetracyclines in Water.

Antibiotic contamination of water bodies has become a serious problem, which leads to aquatic life pollution and the development of antibiotic resistance. Hence, development of highly sensitive and selective optical sensors for antibiotic detection is at the forefront of scientific research. In this study, we present the synthesis of europium-doped carbon dots (Eu-CDs) and excitation wavelength optimization for the highly sensitive detection of tetracycline (TC) and TC-family antibiotics in water.

Laboratory Studies of the Clathrate Hydrate Formation in the Carbon Dioxide-Water Mixtures at Interstellar Conditions.

This study investigates the formation of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates under conditions simulating interstellar environments, a process of significant astrophysical and industrial relevance. Clathrate hydrates, where gas molecules are trapped within water ice cages, play an essential role in both carbon sequestration strategies and understanding of the behavior of ices in space. We employed a combination of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to explore thin films of HO:CO ice mixtures with varying CO concentrations (5-75%) prepared by vapor deposition at temperatures ranging between 11 and 180 K.

Biliopleural fistula in a liver recipient after left lobe living donor liver transplantation: a case report.

Biliopleural fistula (BF) is an uncommon complication that can occur after liver transplantation (LT). This condition, characterized by pleural biliary effusion, can lead to severe complications, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this report, we present a clinical case detailing the successful treatment of BF following an adult-to-adult left lobe living donor LT (LDLT).

Automatic Vertical Root Fracture Detection on Intraoral Periapical Radiographs With Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Enhancement.

Background/aim: To explore transfer learning (TL) techniques for enhancing vertical root fracture (VRF) diagnosis accuracy and to assess the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on image enhancement for VRF detection on both extracted teeth images and intraoral images taken from patients.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 378 intraoral periapical radiographs comprising 195 teeth with fractures and 183 teeth without fractures serving as controls was included. DenseNet, ConvNext, Inception121, and MobileNetV2 were employed with model fusion.

Pyrimidine scaffold dual-target kinase inhibitors for cancer diseases: A review on design strategies, synthetic approaches, and structure-activity relationship (2018‒2023).

Cancer, the second leading cause of death globally, causes a significant threat to life. Despite advancements in the treatment of cancer, persistent challenges include severe side effects and the emergence of acquired drug resistance. Additionally, many traditional chemotherapy drugs show restricted efficacy and high toxicity, primarily attributed to their lack of selectivity.

The impact of dance on enhancing social skills and emotional intelligence through creativity.

This research aims to analyze the impact of dance experience on the development of social and emotional competence in individuals, as well as to determine the influence of dance on the development of social interaction skills, communication, and perception of others. Additionally, through experimental means, effective strategies for utilizing dance to improve levels of social and emotional competence are identified. The study was conducted using online surveys and questionnaires.

Unlocking the power of population health management to strengthen primary health care.

Population health management (PHM) is a people-centred, data-driven and proactive approach to improving the health and well-being of a defined population, considering the differences within that population and their social determinants of health. By using quantitative and qualitative data insights, PHM helps primary care providers identify population cohorts with similar needs or 'at risk' of a given negative outcome/s. This enables primary care providers to address their needs in a targeted, tailored, proactive and holistic way through coordination with other care levels and sectors.

Exploring the complex interplay of Blastocystis, morbid obesity, and bariatric surgery on gut microbial dynamics.

This study examines Blastocystis dynamics in 15 individuals undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Molecular detection involved DNA extraction, RT-PCR, and sequencing, while 16S rRNA sequencing via Illumina MiSeq analyzed the intestinal microbiome. Statistical analysis through SPSS considered a significance level of p < 0.

Indication of air pollution based on the comparison of mercury and other elements in the faeces of marmots from the Western Carpathians and the Dzungarian Alatau.

The Dzungarian Alatau in Central Asia and the Western Carpathians in Central Europe are exposed to anthropogenic sources of pollution that are impacting high-altitude mountain systems through long-range transport of emissions. Based on analyses of the autumn faeces of two species of marmots (Marmota baibacina from the alpine habitats of Zhongar Alatau National Park, Marmota marmota latirostris from the alpine habitats of the Western Tatras), we determined the environmental load of mercury and other chemical elements. Our results show significantly higher levels of total mercury amounts (p < 0.

Optimizing antibiotic stewardship and reducing antimicrobial resistance in Central Asia: A study protocol for evidence-based practice and policy.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to stress the importance of monitoring antibiotic consumption and sales to address AMR effectively. This study protocol aims to optimize antibiotic stewardship and combat AMR in Central Asia through evidence-based practices and policies. The protocol includes objectives such as conducting systematic reviews of interventions to promote judicious antibiotic use, assessing antibiotic consumption trends, and investigating antibiotic overuse practices among healthcare providers.

Spontaneous heat current and ultra-high thermal rectification in asymmetric graphene: a molecular dynamics simulation.

Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations reveal the existence of a spontaneous heat current (SHC) in the absence of a temperature gradient and demonstrate ultra-high thermal rectification in asymmetric trapezoid-shaped graphene. These unique properties have potential applications in power generation and thermal circuits, functioning as thermal diodes. Our findings also show the presence of negative and zero thermal conductivity in this system.

The role of exosomal hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c as non-invasive biomarkers in high-radon areas of Kazakhstan.

Background: Radon, a radioactive gas, is a significant risk factor for lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. This study examines the expression of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for radon-induced effects.

Methods: A total of 109 participants from high- and low-radon areas in Kazakhstan were included.

How do lifestyle and environmental factors influence the sperm epigenome? Effects on sperm fertilising ability, embryo development, and offspring health.

Recent studies support the influence of paternal lifestyle and diet before conception on the health of the offspring via epigenetic inheritance through sperm DNA methylation, histone modification, and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression and regulation. Smoking may induce DNA hypermethylation in genes related to anti-oxidation and insulin resistance. Paternal diet and obesity are associated with greater risks of metabolic dysfunction in offspring via epigenetic alterations in the sperm.

Lumbar total disk replacement versus microsurgical lumbar discectomy in treatment of radicular and back pain in railway workers: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Currently, there remains a high percentage of complications after lumbar discectomy, while there is no uniform tactic to prevent their development. Purpose of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and return to work rate (RWR) after total disk replacement (TDR) and microsurgical lumbar discectomy (MLD) in railway workers with lumbar disk herniation (LDH).

Methods: We randomly assigned 75 patients out of a total of 81 patients, between 25 and 35 years of age who had one level LDH to undergo single-level TDR surgery (group I, n=37) or MLD surgery (group II, n=38) in the L4-L5 or L5-S1 segments.

Identification and management of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in Southeast Kazakhstan.

Wheat and barley serve as significant nutrient-rich staples that are extensively grown on a global scale, spanning over 219 million hectares. The annual combined global yield is 760.9 million tons, with Kazakhstan contributing 14.

Late-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD) that results from the dysregulation of multiple innate and adaptive immune pathways. Late-onset SLE (Lo-SLE) is the term used when the disease is first diagnosed after 50-65 years, though the standard age cut-off remains undefined. Defining "late-onset" as lupus with onset after 50 years is more biologically plausible as this roughly corresponds to the age of menopause.

Radioactive contamination of southeast Abai oblast, Kazakhstan, from the Chinese nuclear weapons testing program at Lop Nor: an analytical review.

Between 1949 and 1962 the Soviet Union performed atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan, resulting in widespread contamination of the surrounding region with radioactive fallout. Settlements in the southeast Abai oblast of Kazakhstan, close to the border with China, are not thought to have received significant fallout from the SNTS. There is, however, evidence that the study area, including Makanchi, Urdzhar and Taskesken villages, was contaminated by atmospheric nuclear tests performed by China at the Lop Nor NTS between 1964 and 1980.