Assessment of Skills of Caregivers Providing Care for Stroke Patients in East Kazakhstan Region.

Objectives: This study investigated stroke survivors and the characteristics of care management after discharge from hospital to home. The study aimed to identify caregiving difficulties and to assess mastery of skills in implementing recovery activities at home. This was a cross-sectional study.

Inhibition of the Biofilm Formation of Plant .

This review is devoted to a systematic analysis of studies aimed at investigating plant extracts, essential oils and phytochemical compounds capable of inhibiting biofilm formation. This paper investigates the effect of extracts, essential oils and individual plant compounds on inhibiting the biofilm formation of , one of the major pathogens responsible for the development of dental caries. Using cultural microbiology and molecular biology techniques, the authors describe the mechanisms by which plant samples reduce adhesion and growth.

An updated systematic review about various effects of microplastics on cancer: A pharmacological and in-silico based analysis.

Microplastics (MPs) are known as substantial environmental and health threats because of their pervasive existence and potential function in human diseases. This study is the first research in which a comprehensive analysis of various impacts of MPs on cancer cells is performed through pharmacological and in silico approaches. Moreover, our results demonstrate that MPs have both promotive and suppressive impacts on cancer cells, changing some of the important features of these kinds of cells including cellular viability, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis.

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibody among previously vaccinated healthcare workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Healthcare workers (HCW) have high occupational risk for hepatitis B and Uzbekistan held two HCW vaccination campaigns in 2015 and 2022. Hepatitis B antibody testing (anti-HBs) after Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination is recommended by the U.S.

Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Its Differentiation from Tuberculosis.

Background: The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC) is often challenging due to similar clinicopathological presentations when bacterial shedding is negative, which can lead to delays in treatment. In this study, we tested the potential of plasma-circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) for the early and differential diagnosis of TB and LC.

Methods: We conducted a two-phase study: profiling 188 miRNAs in pooled plasma samples and validating 14 selected miRNAs in individual plasma samples from 68 LC patients, 38 pulmonary TB patients, and 41 healthy controls.

Cardiovascular Diseases Increased among the Rural and Urban Population of the Northern Regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan during COVID-19: A Descriptive Study with Forecasting.

Background: The biggest health problem in most developed countries of the world, including Kazakhstan, is high morbidity and death rates due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), both in urban and rural areas. As is known during the outbreak of COVID-19, the inaccessibility of many medical services played a big role in the incidence of CVD, in particular in the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (KZ). The objective of our research was to analyze the prevalence of CVD in city and village regions of the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, considering the outbreak period with forecasting.

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Kazakhstan.

The May Measurement Month (MMM) screening campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors to increase and improve population awareness of raised blood pressure (BP) and methods of prevention. The MMM is a cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 years and over of both sexes who gave informed consent to participate in the survey and to have their BP measured. Kazakhstan participated in the campaign for the first time in 2021.

Trend of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Northern Regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the Outpatient Level.

Background: We aimed to study the rate and trends of the incidence of chronic cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) from 2015 to 2020.

Methods: The retrospective data were analyzed using modern methods of biomedical statistics. We used the Electronic Register of Dispensary Patients (2015-2020), where we conducted a retrospective study and trend calculations.

[Association between treatment outcome and age in tuberculosis and diabetes patients: a population analysis].

Background: The undoubted importance of this work lies in the fact that for the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan, an analysis is being made of the relationship between age and treatment outcome in patients with a comorbid diagnosis of tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus.

Purpose Of The Study: Identification of the correlation between the age of patients with tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus and the outcome of treatment.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study of 2,125 patients with TB and diabetes mellitus out of a total of 43,807 of all patients diagnosed with TB (2017-2019).

A case report of extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid nodules in lungs.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting joints but not limited to the joints alone. Extra-articular manifestations involve skin, ocular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiac, renal, neurological, and hematological systems. Among them, skin manifestations (20%) are most common, presenting as nodules on the extensor surfaces of the upper and lower extremities.

CT volume analysis in living donor liver transplantation: accuracy of three different approaches.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study is to compare and evaluate accuracy of three different approaches of liver volume quantification in living donor transplantations.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study of 60 donors. The total and right lobe liver volumes were analyzed in the portal-venous phase by two independent radiologists who estimated the volumes using manual, semi-automated and automated segmentation methods.

Nutritional factors influencing microbiota-mediated colonization resistance of the oral cavity: A literature review.

The oral cavity is a key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems. The oral microbiota is a vital part of the human microbiome. It has been developed through mutual interactions among the environment, host physiological state, and microbial community composition.

Re-validation and cultural adaptation of the brief, standardized assessment tool for measuring HIV-related stigma in healthcare settings in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

The HIV epidemic continues to grow in Kazakhstan and HIV stigma remains a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment in the country. HIV stigma in healthcare setting may also discourage people living with HIV (PLHIV) from getting the care needed. Therefore, studying the attitudes of healthcare workers towards PLHIV is important and requires well-constructed measurement tools adapted to the specific cultural context.

Clinical classification of torus and effectiveness of two-layer bases in removable dentures.

Aim: To study and systematize the complaints of patients with removable prostheses, paying attention to the clinical manifestation of the torus and its sensitivity, and to determine the effectiveness of the use of two-layer bases in removable prosthetics.

Methods: In the clinic of orthopedic dentistry, 104 people were examined and received orthopedic treatment, including 37 patients in the comparison group. The main number of patients up to 55.

Assessment of Satisfaction with Drug Provision of Antihypertensive Drugs at the Outpatient Level of Privileged Categories of Residens.

Background: The existing system of outpatient drug provision of citizens allows providing certain categories of citizens and patients with certain types of diseases on a free basis. The purpose of the study is to analysis and evaluate the system of providing preferential categories of citizens with antihypertensive drugs at the level of primary health care.

Materials And Methods: To determine the level of satisfaction of citizens with drug provision at the outpatient level, 3118 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire for persons who received free medicines for the treatment of hypertension.

Pediatric Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors: Expression of microRNA.

Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) may occur from the neonatal period to late adulthood, characterized by extensive clinical and pathologic heterogeneity. MicroRNAs are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate a wide array of biological processes including carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs may be used for many purposes in clinical diagnostics.

Prioritising systemic cancer therapies applying ESMO's tools and other resources to assist in improving cancer care globally: the Kazakh experience.

Background: In Kazakhstan, cancer is the second leading cause of death with a major public health and economic burden. In the last decade, cancer care and cancer medicine costs have significantly increased. To improve the efficiency and efficacy of cancer care expenditure and planning, the Kazakhstan Ministry of Health requested assistance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) to review its systemic cancer treatment protocols and essential medicines list and identify high-impact, effective regimens.

Liquid-Liquid Chromatography Separation of Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpene Lactones from Regel & Schmalh. and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Cytotoxic and Melanin Inhibitory Potential.

Regel & Schmalh. is a perennial plant used in Kazakh traditional folk medicine to treat epilepsy, neurosis, rheumatism, gastroduodenal ulcers, dyspepsia, wounds, abscesses or tumors. The aim of this work was to isolate series of sesquiterpene lactones from a crude methanolic root extract and investigate their in vitro cytotoxic potential against androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP and epithelial prostate PNT2 cells, as well as to evaluate their melanin production inhibitory effects in murine melanoma B16F10 cells stimulated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH).

Regulation of RUNX proteins by long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in different cancers.

RUNX proteins have been shown to behave as "double-edge sword" in wide variety of cancers. Discovery of non-coding RNAs has played linchpin role in improving our understanding about the post-transcriptional regulation of different cell signaling pathways. Several new mechanistic insights and distinct modes of cross-regulation of RUNX proteins and non-coding RNAs have been highlighted by recent research.

Identification of Mushroom and Murine Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Afan. Extract.

Growing scientific evidence indicates that is a valuable source of active ingredients with potential cosmetic applications. However, the data on its composition and pharmacological properties are still insufficient. This study aims to optimize the extraction procedure of the plant material, evaluate its phytochemical composition, and compare anti-tyrosinase potential of extracts obtained by various methods.

L. and Afan. Hydroglycolic Extracts-Bioactive Ingredients for Cosmetic Use.

Studies on hydroglycolic (HG) extracts of (AB)-a less investigated representative of the genus-were performed to determine their potential for cosmetic applications compared to the well-known (AM). Three types of water:polyethylene glycol extracts (1:1, 4:1, 6:1 /) were obtained from both species and analyzed for their composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and assayed for their biological activities. The study led to the identification of 11 metabolites from different natural product classes with the highest share corresponding to 5-caffeoylquinic acid, axillarin, coumaroylquinic acid isomers and 3-caffeoylquinic acid.

[EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SCREENING PROGRAM OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES].

Cardiovascular diseases continue to occupy a leading position in the mortality structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). Purpose - to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the current CVD screening program in Nur-Sultan. A cross-sectional study, sociological survey and a clinical examination of patients with identified CVD who underwent screening of circulatory system diseases in primary health care organizations (PHC) were conducted.

Donor-Transmitted Melanoma: Is It Still Bothering Us?

Global organ scarcity remains a severe obstacle because of the rapid growth in the number of patients on the transplant waiting list. Transplant centres strive to raise the number of donors by proposing more mild criteria for donor selection, among them donors with a history of malignancy and older age. Recipients are at hazard of acquiring tumour that existed in the donor at the time of transplantation with the most common cancers been renal cell carcinoma (57%), melanoma (10%), and choriocarcinoma (9%).

Effect of lithium carbonate on autophagy and proliferative activity of isolated hepatocytes.

The hepatocytes were cultivated in the presence of lithium carbonate (LC) for drugs testing or possible source for transplantation in the treatment of hereditary or terminal liver diseases. The LC, as an inducer of autophagy, is a promising drug for maintaining cell homeostasis and has a significant effect on the ultrastructural organization of hepatocyte cells. Within current investigation, new mechanisms of the biological effects of lithium and the ultrastructural analysis of the primary culture of hepatocytes were studied via flow cytofluorometry, light, and electron microscopy methods.