[Is there a place for computer-assisted Post-Academic Dental Education (PAOT)? A survey from the period 1998-2008].

Objective: To estimate the role of computer-CPED in the Netherlands to the year 2008.

Design: Computer-assisted learning is currently employed in many modern undergraduate dental curricula. It could also play an important role in providing continuing professional education in dentistry (CPED) to general dental practitioners.

[Comparison of dental implant systems for mandibular overdentures].

Objective: To compare three implant systems in patients with severely resorbed mandibles 1 year after insertion of the mandibular denture.

Design: A prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Centers at University of Nijmegen and Groningen.

[Layer thickness of dental adhesives. Relation between layer thickness and viscosity].

Objective: To investigate the viscosity of two dental adhesives in relation to the adhesive layer thickness.

Design: In vitro study.

Methods: The viscosity of several dental adhesives has been determined with a reogoneometer.

[The development of dental research in the Netherlands].

From the acquisition of an academic status (ius promovendi) in 1947 till now, dental research in the Netherlands has reached maturity. An even increasing body of PhD-theses and publications have found their way towards the international scientific dental community. Since the early nineties most research groups have been brought together in the 'Interuniversitaire Onderzoekschool Tandheelkunde' (Netherlands Institute for Dental Sciences), a collaboration of the academic dental institutions in Amsterdam, Nijmegen and Utrecht.

[Occlusion repair or occlusion loss? Results of preliminary treatment as the starting point].

Epidemiological data confirm that the number of elderly with an impaired dentition is increasing. The treatment of patients with an impaired dentition should be focused on maintaining oral function during life-time. However this goal is hardly achievable because of the complicating factors in an impaired dentition.

Regulating moral dissent in an open society: The Dutch experience with pragmatic tolerance.

In pluralistic modern societies, moral dissent will, to an increasing extent, be an inescapable fact in our lives. Moral dissent, however, involves various serious dangers: escalation of conflicts, the use of violence, flourishing of radical extremism and even civil war. There are basically two ways in which these threats can be addressed: coercive enforcement of consensus or tolerance.

[Long-term survival of extensive amalgam restorations].

In cost-effectiveness analysis and contemporary treatment planning strategies, the postponement of placement of cast crowns plays an important role. Extensive Amalgam Restorations (EAR), that involve the rebuilding of cusps and the provision of auxiliary retention, are thought to make this postponement possible. This study reports the long-term survival (100 months) of EAR in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

[Success of direct pulp capping after caries excavations].

Direct pulp capping is not generally accepted as a routine dental procedure. It is claimed to be an unpredictable procedure with a low success rate. However, some clinical studies do show success of direct pulp cappings.

[Cervical external root resorption].

Cervical external root resorption is a progressive resorption process occurring at the site of the attached gingiva. It is independent on the condition of the pulp. Prerequisites for its occurrence are a damaged root surface and the presence of vascularized connective tissue.

[Adhesive techniques in the treatment of tooth wear due to bruxism].

Wear due to bruxism is not restricted to those surfaces of the tooth that are loaded by occlusion and articulation. Due to tooth flexure wedge-shaped lesions, so-called abfractions, may develop. In the treatment of wear caused by bruxism, direct composite restorations may play an important role.

[Oral health of community-living elderly. 1. Condition of teeth, use of professional dental care and oral hygiene habits].

With the aim to get information on oral health, professional dental care and oral hygiene habits a study was performed on persons aged 60 up to 79 years in Haarlem, the Netherlands. After an interview an oral examination was performed, using a mirror and a pocket lamp. Of all persons approached, 376 (38%) participated in the clinical part of the study.

[Cooperation between the dentist and the dental technician].

In prosthetic dentistry the final result is mainly determined by the co-operation within the team: the dentist, the implantologist, the dental technician and the patient. The technician is more and more involved in the composition and colouring of the dental restorations. In many laboratories a dental unit is available to maximise the co-operation and to involve the patient if necessary.

[Restoration materials in overdenture abutment teeth].

To assess the performance of amalgam, resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement as filling material in overdenture abutment teeth, 155 restorations were made to seal the root canal orifices in 49 patients. The three restorative materials were randomly assigned to the abutment teeth using a number of balancing criteria. All patients were reviewed every six months and received the same preventive regimen.

[Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment].

Aim of this study was to assess long-term stability of orthodontic treatment in a sample of 1016 patients until 10 years postretention. Treatment outcome was measured with the PAR-index at 6 different stages. The mean age of the patients was 12.

[Facial analysis without cephalometric radiography].

A careful clinical examination of the face is an essential part of the orthodontic diagnosis. By visual examination of the face important diagnostic determinations can be made regarding the patients profile, dental and skeletal relationships and 'facial animation'. This article presents some clinical and photographic diagnostic methods to analyse the face.

[Photography in orthodontics].

To achieve high quality pictures decisions have to be made regarding the camera and lenses, the lighting, the photographic film, the photographic procedures and the registration of the pictures in the files of the patient. The necessity of standardisation and the difficulties in achieving this are mentioned. The use of pictures in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment follow-up and quality control are described too.

[Myth of optimal pressure].

Orthodontic tooth movement always follows the same pattern. Four phases can be distinguished. During the last phase, the linear phase, the tooth moves through the alveolar bone.

[Biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement].

The effect of orthodontic therapy is dependent of the biological possibilities and limitations of the dento-alveolar complex. Biomechanical effects determine the first phase of tooth movement. In the second phase hyalinisation occurs in almost all cases.

[Fecal incontinence in community-dwelling elderly: findings from a study of prevalence, consultation of physicians, psychosocial aspects and treatment].

Objective: To gain insight into the prevalence of faecal incontinence, looking for medical attention, treatment and the impact of faecal incontinence on the quality of life in community-residing men and women of 60 years and over.

Design: Enquiry and interview.

Method: A questionnaire about the incidence of faecal incontinence and the request for help from the family doctor was mailed in 2000 to persons aged 60 and older listed in seven general practices in and round Nijmegen.

[Penicillin for acute throat infections. Are there arguments for modifying the guidelines of the Dutch College of General Practitioners?].

A recent study concludes that a 7-day penicillin treatment for a sore throat is superior to a 3-day treatment or a placebo, because the symptoms are resolved two days earlier. Prior to this study, the difference--based on the conclusions of a Cochrane review--was thought to be just 8 hours. The total number of patients included was too small to conclude that penicillin could reduce the number of short-term and long-term complications.

Medicine, symbolization and the "real" body--Lacan's understanding of medical science.

Throughout the 20th century, philosophers have criticized the scientific understanding of the human body. Instead of presenting the body as a meaningful unity or Gestalt, it is regarded as a complex mechanism and described in quasi-mechanistic terms. In a phenomenological approach, a more intimate experience of the body is presented.

[Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome in a nursing home: characteristics and comorbidity].

This article presents characteristics and co-morbidity of patients with Korsakoff's syndrome after admission to a nursing home. The medical charts were studied of all patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, admitted between 1984 and 1998 to the special ward for Korsakoff patients of a nursing home in the eastern part of the Netherlands. The 'Standard of classification for diseases in nursing homes' ('Standaard van classificatie voor ziekten in de verpleeghuisgeneeskunde') was used to classify co-morbidity.