Sputum Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Kathmandu Model Hospital.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. A study was carried out with an objective to study the sputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: A review study was carried out for a sputum culture isolated cases of acute exacerbation of COPD in Kathmandu Model Hospital.

Perspectives of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes on barriers to diabetes care: a qualitative study.

Background: Diabetes care incorporates multiple integrated elements like self-care practices, patient education and awareness, societal support, equitable access to healthcare facilities and trained healthcare professionals, commitment from the diabetes associations and government policies. There is a dearth of research exploring the barriers experienced by both People with Type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) and People with Type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) in accessing the holistic elements of diabetes care. This study thus aimed at exploring the perceived barriers among PwT1D and PwT2D in accessing diabetes care services in urban and rural areas of Nepal.

Vesicovaginal Fistula Following Trauma.

Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF) is an abnormal communication between the bladder and vagina. The major causes of vesicovaginal fistula in developing countries are associated with obstructed labour whereas in developed countries, vesicovaginal fistula results from pelvic surgeries. Rarely vesicovaginal fistula may result due to direct trauma to the pelvis.

Carbapenem Resistance in Complex Isolates From Kathmandu Model Hospital, Nepal, Is Attributed to the Presence of and Genes.

The (ACB) complex, also known as ACB complex, consists of four bacterial species that can cause opportunistic infections in humans, especially in hospital settings. Conventional therapies for susceptible strains of the ACB complex include broad-spectrum cephalosporins, -lactam/-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these antibiotics has declined due to increasing rates of resistance.

Perceived stress and coping strategies among nursing students towards rejoining college after covid-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on nursingeducation, with many programs abruptly discontinuing clinical practice. This has raised concerns among nursing students about their clinicalskill development. Because of this, the researcher was motivated to learn how nursing students perceive stress and develop coping mechanisms for returning to nursing colleges following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fetomaternal Outcome in Antepartum Hemorrhage After 34 Weeks of Gestation.

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage is defined as any bleeding from or into the genital tract during pregnancy, after the period of viability until delivery of the fetus. APH complicates 2-5% of pregnancies and is a primary cause of perinatal and maternal mortality globally. Aim of this study is to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with APH at a tertiary care hospital.

Fetomaternal Outcome of Pregnant Women at Term Undergoing Cesarean Section.

Background: Cesarean section is one of the most common procedures performed in obstetric practice today and is a lifesaving surgery for mother and fetus. Cesarean sections are classified traditionally, as elective cesarean section or emergency cesarean. The purpose of this study is to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes in elective and emergency cesarean section so that measures can be taken to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Ruptured Endometrioma with Hemoperitoneum Requiring Emergency Laparotomy: A Case Report.

Endometrioma is the localization of endometriosis in ovary which often develops as cyst. The condition can be complicated with infection, torsion and rupture leading to significant hemoperitoneum and ascites. We present here a 28-year female P2 L1 presented with the features of acute abdomen and severe anemia referred from other hospital where pain management was done.

Putting Patient Safety First for the Quality Care: An Essential Component at all Healthcare Settings.

N/A.

Vaginoplasty with Amnion Graft: Management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome also known as mullerian agenesis is a rare congenital condition in which there is absence of uterus along with upper vagina. Patient usually presents with primary amenorrhea with or without cyclical lower abdominal pain but have normal secondary sexual characters. Modified McIndoe Vaginoplasty with amnion graft is the commonest surgery performed worldwide.

Implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening across five tertiary hospitals in Nepal and its policy implications: A mixed-methods study.

In Nepal, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women despite the existing policies. This study intends to assess the implementation of cervical cancer prevention and screening through service utilization by women, knowledge and attitude among health professionals, and the perceptions of stakeholders in Nepal. This mixed-methods study was conducted in 2022 across five tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Correlation of Endometrial Thicknessby Transvaginal Sonography with Histopathological Examination in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Perimenopausal Age Group.

Background: Transvaginal sonography and endometrial biopsy are the two diagnostic tests, most frequently used to investigate the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding.The aim of this study is to correlate the findings between transvaginal sonography and histopathology for diagnostic evaluation in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out at Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal during the period of one year (1st January 2019 to 30th December 2019) in 70perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Clinical Profile of Patients of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Its Associated Factors.

Background: Prolapse is among the most common indication for gynaecological surgery. It is difficult to estimate prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse even in developed countries due to lack of epidemiological studies. This study was done to find the prevalence, risk factors and common presenting complaints of women with pelvic organ prolapse.

Stroke among Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality after ischemic heart disease and the leading cause of morbidity around the world. This study aimed to find out the stroke among patients admitted to a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine and Neurosurgery from 15 July 2021 to 15 June 2022 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 78/79-083).

A Point Prevalence Study of the Use of Antibiotics in Six Tertiary Care Hospitals in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

Background Point prevalence survey (PPS) on antibiotic use developed by the WHO has already been used in many hospitals globally. Objective To obtain information on antibiotic prescribtion using point prevalence survey methodology in six private hospitals in the Kathmandu valley. Method This descriptive cross-sectional study was completed during 20th July to 28th July 2021 using point prevalence survey methodology.

Factors Associated with Intrauterine Fetal Death at Paropakar Maternity Women's Hospital.

Background Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a demise occurring at 20 or more weeks of gestation and weight 500 gram or more. Intrauterine fetal death at any point during gestation is a traumatic event not only to the patient but also to the care giver. The purpose of this study is to know the risk factors associated with intrauterine fetal death.

Lower Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones and a gyrA Gene Mutation in Salmonella Typhi Isolates from Enteric Fever Patients.

Background: Enteric fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella is a challenge to the clinician to care for patients with enteric fever. This study assessed the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi isolated from enteric fever and the presence of gyrA? ?gene mutation at ser83 of S.