Detection of Beta-Lactamases (ESBL and MBL) Producing Gram-Negative Pathogens in National Public Health Laboratory of Nepal.

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has increased in recent years. Resistance to -lactams in Gram-negative bacteria has been reported to be associated with extended spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-beta-lactamases. This study was aimed at determining the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative pathogens producing extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo-beta lactamases.

Characterization of embB mutations involved in ethambutol resistance in multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Zambia.

Background: Ethambutol (EMB) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug used in the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Mutations in embB are the major mechanism of resistance. This study investigated embB mutations among MDR-TB isolates and analyzed their correlations with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) in Zambia.

Comparison of Nasal Colonization of Methicillin-Resistant in HIV-Infected and Non-HIV Patients Attending the National Public Health Laboratory of Central Nepal.

Background: is a cardinal source of community- and hospital-acquired infection. HIV infection is a well-recognized risk factor for methicillin-resistant (MRSA) carriage and infection. Intrinsically developed antibiotic resistance has sharply increased the burden of MRSA which is often associated with morbidity and mortality of the patients.

Short article: Association between liver fibrosis and hepatitis E seroprevalence among HIV-positive individuals in Nepal.

Objective: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) seropositivity may confer an increased risk of liver fibrosis in immunosuppressed individuals. We studied this effect in HIV-infected individuals in Nepal, a country hyperendemic for HEV.

Participants And Methods: We prospectively evaluated 200 HIV-positive individuals.

Detection of metallo-β-lactamases-encoding genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in imipenem-nonsusceptible isolates and to detect MBL-encoding genes among MBLs-positive isolates.

Results: Metallo-β-lactamases production was detected in 68.6% isolates of P.

Use of Genotype MTBDRplus Assay for Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Nepal.

The main aims of this study were to study the patterns of mutations in rpoB, katG, and inhA genes in strains isolated from patients from Nepal and to evaluate the performance of genotype MTBDRplus assay, taking conventional drug susceptibility testing as gold standard for diagnosis of MDR-TB. A total of 69 strains isolated from 73 smear positive sputum samples from patients suspected of suffering from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were used in our study. The drug susceptibility pattern of isolated from these sputum specimens was determined by using genotype MTBDRplus assay taking conventional drug susceptibility testing as reference.

ESBL Production Among and spp. Causing Urinary Tract Infection: A Hospital Based Study.

Introduction: Increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing microbes in recent years has led to limitations of treatment options. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBL producing and spp. at a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Cholera outbreak caused by drug resistant Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 biotype ElTor serotype Ogawa in Nepal; a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cholera is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped countries including Nepal. Recently drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae has become a serious problem mainly in developing countries. The main objectives of our study were to investigate the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in stool samples from patients with watery diarrhea and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of V.

Study on carrier rate of Streptococcus pyogenes among the school children and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates.

This study was done to investigate the rate of Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A streptococcus (GAS) and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates in asymptomatic school children in Kathmandu and Sindhuli districts. Pharyngeal swabs were collected and subjected to crystal violet blood agar (CVBA). A total of 468 asymptomatic school aged children were included and 51 (10.

Dengue in western Terai region of Nepal.

Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is an emerging mosquito-borne disease. It is a nagging public health problem in the low lands of Terai, expanding to new areas of Nepal in recent years.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine anti-Dengue IgM positive rate in Mahendranagar, Dhangadi and Dang between August 2008 and November 2009.

Study of enteric fever and antibiogram of Salmonella isolates at a teaching hospital in Kathmandu Valley.

Enteric fever is one of the common public health problems in Nepal. This study was carried out at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital located at peri-urban area in Kathmandu Valley to find out the prevalence of enteric fever and the sensitivity pattern of the Salmonella isolates. A total of 479 patients with fever were included in the study.