Reactivity of Cobalt Clusters Co with Dinitrogen: Superatom Co and Superatomic Complex CoN.

We report a joint experimental and theoretical study on the reactions of cobalt clusters (Co) with nitrogen using the customized reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer combined with a 177.3 nm deep-ultraviolet laser. Comparing to the behaviors of neutral Co ( = 2-30) and anionic Co clusters ( = 7-53) which are relatively inert in reacting with nitrogen in the fast-flow tube, Co clusters readily react with nitrogen resulting in adducts of one or multiple N except Co which stands firm in the reaction with nitrogen.

Marinobacter caseinilyticus sp. nov., Isolated from Saline Soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with flagella, designated M3-13, was isolated from a saline soil in Zhoushan, China. According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain M3-13 was assigned to the genus Marinobacter with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.7% to Marinobacter maroccanus LMG 30466, followed by Marinobacter sediminum R65 (97.

Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and hydrogen production of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by peroxyformic acid.

Pretreatment plays a key role in biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, the main factors of peroxyformic acid (PA) pretreatment were optimized in the light of enzymolysis efficiency and composition analysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Lignin was significantly removed (59.

Regulation of protein oxidation in Cantonese sausages by rutin, quercetin and caffeic acid.

The effects of rutin, quercetin, and caffeic acid on protein oxidation in Cantonese sausage during 60 days of storage at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) were investigated. The results showed that the three phenolic compounds played different roles in inhibiting the oxidation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein. All of them inhibited sarcoplasmic protein oxidation by retarding carbonylation, the conversion of SH to S-S groups, and the formation of dimeric tyrosine and Schiff bases, of which rutin is the most effective.

Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass () by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form.

Subcellular fractions and the chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) reflect its level of toxicity to plants; however, these effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) are poorly understood. We exposed two Italian ryegrass () cultivars (IdyII and Harukaze) to 50 µM Cd or 200 µM GSH to investigate the effect of GSH on the Cd uptake, subcellular compartments, and chemical forms. Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition.

sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., three marine bacteria isolated from seawater.

Three Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped strains, designated 72, NH166 and 40DY170, were isolated from seawater samples of the West Pacific Ocean, South China Sea and West Pacific Ocean, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity results revealed that strains 72and NH166 were most closely related to Ar-22, JCM 17757, KCTC 23501, KCTC 22173 and MT-229 with 97.2-98.

Synthesis of Hydrophobic Propionyl Neohesperidin Ester Using an Immobilied Enzyme and Description of Its Anti-proliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Neohesperidin (NH) is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound with considerable physiological and pharmacological activities. However, its bioavailability is limited due to poor solubility, and few studies have so far attempted improve the solubility and bioavailability of NH. In this study, we structurally modified NH using an immobilized lipase to improve lipophilicity and therefore expand its applicability in lipophilic media as well as enhance its bioavailability .

Strain and Electric Field Controllable Schottky Barriers and Contact Types in Graphene-MoTe van der Waals Heterostructure.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides with intrinsically passivated surfaces are promising candidates for ultrathin optoelectronic devices that their performance is strongly affected by the contact with the metallic electrodes. Herein, first-principle calculations are used to construct and investigate the electronic and interfacial properties of 2D MoTe in contact with a graphene electrode by taking full advantage of them. The obtained results reveal that the electronic properties of graphene and MoTe layers are well preserved in heterostructures due to the weak van der Waals interlayer interaction, and the Fermi level moves toward the conduction band minimum of MoTe layer thus forming an n type Schottky contact at the interface.

Effect of inlet temperature on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried seed-watermelon seed protein powder.

Here, we studied the effects of inlet temperature on the physicochemical properties of the hydrolyzed protein (seed-watermelon seed hydrolyzed protein [SWSP]) powder in seed-watermelon seeds. The inlet temperature of the study was in the range of 150 to 180 °C, and the remaining experimental parameters remained constant, that is, the feed flow rate was 0.2 L/hr, the concentration of maltodextrin was 30%, and the outlet temperature was 80 °C.

Proximate composition, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity of solid state fermented peanut press cake.

The current research was led to assess the influence of solid-state fermentation (SSF) with (MTCC 3107) on polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and proximate composition from peanut press cake of variety HNG-10. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were calculated for polyphenols quantification whereas DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and metal chelating assay were performed for antioxidant activity. Quantification of polyphenols was confirmed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique.

Paternal Origins and Migratory Episodes of Domestic Sheep.

The domestication and subsequent global dispersal of livestock are crucial events in human history, but the migratory episodes during the history of livestock remain poorly documented [1-3]. Here, we first developed a set of 493 novel ovine SNPs of the male-specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) by genome mapping. We then conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of Y chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, and whole-genome sequence variations in a large number of 595 rams representing 118 domestic populations across the world.

Inactivation of the A gene affects capsule development and pathogenicity of .

serotype 2 ( 2) is an important swine pathogen and also an emerging zoonotic agent. HtpsA has been reported as an immunogenic cell surface protein on the bacterium. In the present study, we constructed an isogenic mutant strain of A, namely ΔA, to study its role in the development and virulence of 2.

Pretreatment of rice straw with recycled ionic liquids by phase-separation process for low-cost biorefinery.

An efficient ionic liquids (ILs) recycle technology will increase the economic viability of lignocellulosic biorefinery. The availability of recycling 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride for rice straw (RS) pretreatment was conducted. The kosmotropic salt K PO (TKP) solution was used as antisolvent for cellulose precipitation and forming a three-phase system consisting of biomass, ILs-rich, and salt-rich phases.

Preparation of crystalline nanocellulose/hydroxypropyl β cyclodextrin/carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte complexes and their controlled release of neohesperidin-copper (II) in vitro.

A natural hydrogel film was prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and hydroxypropyl β cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as reactants and citric acid as the cross-linking agent and used for the controlled release of neohesperidin-copper(II)(NH-Cu (II)). The hydrogel film was characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD, TGA and DSC. The film showed controlled swelling behavior; the release behavior of NH-Cu(II) from the hydrogel film was also investigated in different solutions including distilled water, various salt solutions including 0.

A Novel and High-Effective Biosynthesis Pathway of Hesperetin-7-O-Glucoside Based on the Construction of Immobilized Rhamnosidase Reaction Platform.

Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HMG) is a precursor for synthesizing a sweetener named neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and the coordination toward flavonoids of metal ions tends to increase the water solubility of flavonoids. In order to achieve effective synthesis of HMG, an immobilized enzyme catalysis platform was constructed using an immobilized rhamnosidase on FeO@graphene oxide (FeO@GO), a novel reaction pathway based on the platform was designed for preparing a hesperidin complex as a soluble substrate, and ammonium hydroxide as a ligand dissociation agent to obtain HMG. The FeO@GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermal methods (TG/DSC) analysis to evaluate the immobilization matrix properties.

Reactivity of Cobalt Clusters Co with Ammonia: Co Cluster Catalysis for NH Dehydrogenation.

A customized reflection time-of-flight (Re-TOF) mass spectrometer combined with a 177 nm deep-ultraviolet laser has enabled us to observe well-resolved cobalt clusters Co and perform a comprehensive study of their reactivity with ammonia (NH). The anions Co are found to be inert, the neutrals allow the adsorption of multiple NH molecules, while the cationic Co clusters readily react with NH giving rise to dehydrogenation. However, incidental dehydrogenation of NH on Co is only observed for ≥ 3.

Documenting the heritage along the Silk Road: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: People in Southern Xinjiang, China have been consuming medicinal teas for healthcare since before the ancient Silk Road markets began. Several pharmaceutical studies have illustrated the potential healthcare benefits of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China. However, little information is available from the literature about the diversity of the species used and related traditional knowledge of these medicinal teas.

A multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are major human food-borne pathogens that may produce a variety of toxins and cause diarrhea, food poisoning, and even death.

Effects of mulberry polyphenols on oxidation stability of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in dried minced pork slices during processing and storage.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of mulberry polyphenols (MP) on oxidation stability of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in dried minced pork slice during processing and storage. Composition, amino acid side chain modification, average particle size, hydrophobicity and solubility of proteins in the slices were investigated. MP displayed protective effects on oxidation stability of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in slices, considering carbonyl formation and transformation from SH group to SS group were remarkably retarded by MP.

Insight into the conformational and functional properties of myofibrillar protein modified by mulberry polyphenols.

This paper investigated the conformational and functional properties of myofibrillar protein modified by five phenolic compounds, including cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, caffeic acid, quercetin and rutin, dominantly presented in mulberry polyphenols-enriched sausage. These phenolic compounds significantly affected the structure of myofibrillar protein as indicated by the remarkable losses of carbonyl and ε-NH and the obviously fluorescence quenching effect (P < 0.05).

Elevation-related variation in the population characteristics of distylous affects female fitness and inbreeding depression.

The population characteristics of distylous species are highly sensitive to stochastic natural selection pressure. Therefore, populations growing under different environmental conditions may vary in floral morph ratios, potentially affecting female fitness and leading to inbreeding depression. However, the variation in offspring quality among populations as a result of inbreeding depression is poorly understood in distylous species.

Reconstitution of cellulosome: Research progress and its application in biorefinery.

Lignocellulose, one of the most abundant renewable sources of sugar, can be converted into bioenergy through hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Due to its renewability and availability in large quantities, bioenergy is considered as a possible alternative to fossil energy and attracts the attention of the world with increased concerns about environmental protection and energy crisis. The depolymerization of cellulosic substrate to monomer is the rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of lignocellulose by cellulolytic microbes.

Enhancing hemoglobin peptide production from chicken blood fermentation by food-grade nonionic surfactant.

This study is focused on employing a potential process technology for enhancing hemoglobin peptides production from chicken blood. Effects of surfactants on chicken blood biodegradation and hemoglobin polypeptide accumulation were evaluated and the bioconversion conditions were optimized. Results suggested that surfactants exhibited the positive effect on hemoglobin peptides production during chicken blood bioconversion by Aspergillus niger.