A Retrospective Database Analysis to Investigate if Electrolytes in Venous Blood are Equivalent to the Levels in Arterial Blood.

Background: In a critically ill patient, when an arterial blood sample is processed on an arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzer, it also measures electrolytes apart from analyzing the blood gases. The turnaround time for ABG analysis is way too less compared to the conventional electrolyte analysis with a serum sample.

Objective: This study intends to investigate whether values of electrolytes estimated in arterial blood can substitute the routinely practiced method.

The value of ultrasonography in predicting the outcomes of simple long bone fractures treated by closed intramedullary nail fixation.

Purpose: Ultrasonography has been used increasingly in orthopaedic practice credited to its low cost, easy accessibility, non-invasiveness, reproducibility, and safety from radiation. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and efficacy of ultrasonography as an adjunct in the assessment of fracture healing in long bones treated with intramedullary interlocking devices and its predictive value in determining the need for a secondary surgical procedure.

Methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study of 40 skeletally mature patients who sustained long bone fractures of the tibia or femur treated using intramedullary interlocking nails.

Bilateral orthodontic extractions using physics versus conventional forceps among Indian patients.

It is of interest to assess whether or not physics forceps are superior to traditional forceps for the extraction of premolar teeth in orthodontic procedures. Tooth and buccal bone fractures, as well as extraction time, lacerated gingiva, postoperative discomfort, and infection, were all measured in this research of both types of forceps extraction. Twenty individuals who need orthodontic extraction on both jaws were enrolled in the research.

A Diagnostic Revelation: Case of a Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast.

Mucinous or colloid cancers are a rare subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma, making up only 2-3% of infiltrating carcinomas. Prevalence of pure mucinous breast cancer(PMBC) among infiltrating duct carcinomas in less than 60 year olds is 2-7%, and in less than 35 year olds, it is 1%. Mucinous carcinoma of the breast is divided into 2 subtypes, the pure type and mixed type.

Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection With Thrombosis: A Case Report of a Rare Presentation of Acute Abdominal Pain.

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection is a very rare vascular disease that involves the superior mesenteric artery or its branches, with an incidence as low as 0.08%. The majority of cases occur in patients of Asian descent.

A Comparative Study on Accuracy of SRK-T And Haigis Formulas in IOL Power Calculation in Axial Myopes Undergoing Cataract Surgery.

Background And Objective: It has been a significant challenge since the advent of intraocular lens to give the best postoperative visual acuity and prevent refractive surprises due to biometry error. Among myopic eyes, it has been a debate among the various formulas introduced and their efficacy to prevent postoperative refractive surprises. Hence, the need for an accurate formula in high myopic eyes is obligatory.

Fundus Changes in High Myopia in Relation to Axial Length of the Globe.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to correlate between axial length of the eyeball and fundus changes and to know its importance.

Materials And Methods: It was an observational study conducted for a duration of 1 year in patients with myopia more than 1 D and axial length more than 24 mm. A total of 100 eyes were included in the study and all underwent thorough fundus examination.

The Role of Prp in Third Molar Extraction Wounds: A Clinical Study.

Unlabelled: It has become more common that after a mandibular third molar impaction operation, platelet concentrates have been shown to be useful in aiding the healing process. The patients were examined on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 7, the first month, and the second month following surgery. There was a slew of parameters to investigate and tally up.

Correlation between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Objectives: The two most common complications of diabetes mellitus are retinopathy and neuropathy which are dealt by two different medical departments. Early detection and management are therefore necessary to prevent progression of these two diseases and will give a knowledgeable idea regarding the both. Thus, this study was done to know the association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

A Descriptive Study on Visual Outcome and Intraocular Pressure Control after Trabeculectomy with Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in Patients with Glaucoma and Cataract.

Context: Glaucoma is a optic neuropathy having multifactorial causes. Both cataract and glaucoma condition can influence management of the one another.

Aims: To know the visual outcome and intraocular pressure control after combined trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma and cataract.

Online viva voce as a formative assessment method in forensic medicine during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Conducting online classes and assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic is not without challenges. The world of medical education is adapting online training and assessment because of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The present study was conducted to assess the students' perception regarding the process, difficulties encountered and perceived effectiveness of online assessment.

Safety and immunogenicity of rabies vaccine as 4 - dose Essen Intramuscular regimen for post exposure prophylaxis: A non - randomized, comparative controlled study.

: World Health Organization has recommended that in healthy persons with category III exposures, who receive wound care and rabies immunoglobulin infiltration, a vaccine regimen consisting of 4 doses administered intramuscularly on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 can be used as an alternative to the 5-dose intramuscular regimen.: To assess the clinical safety and immunogenicity of rabies vaccine administered as 4-dose Essen intramuscular regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis.: A non-randomized, comparative, controlled study was conducted at the anti-rabies clinic, KIMS Hospital and Research Center, Bangalore, India.

Amino Acid Profile and Lactate Pyruvate Ratio: Potential Adjunct Markers for Differentiating Inborn Errors of Metabolism.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) lead to the physical and mental disability and death of infants, which can be prevented if treated early. Hence it is imperative in diagnosing these disorders at the earliest. The study is planned to differentiate suspected IEM by quantifying the lactate-pyruvate ratio (L/P ratio), Amino acid profiling by HPLC in addition to blood ammonia using the basic methodology in comparison to globally accepted mass spectroscopy technique and specific enzyme activity assays.

Tumor budding in invasive breast cancer - An indispensable budding touchstone.

Background: Tumor budding denotes a phenomenon in which the tumor cells, singly or in small aggregates, become detached from the neoplastic glands at the invasive front of adenocarcinoma. Tumors with budding cells have a significantly more aggressive clinical course. Significance of tumor budding has mainly been examined in the field of colorectal cancer.

Intravenous Fentanyl 4 μg per kg Administered before Scalp Pin Application is Inferior to Scalp Block in Preventing Hemodynamic Changes.

Background: Application of scalp pins for craniotomy surgeries is a noxious stimulus, causing tachycardia and hypertension, resulting in increased cerebral blood flow and elevated intracranial pressure, hence measures to attenuate this will have beneficial role.

Aims: The aim is to compare the effectiveness of scalp block (SB) to 4 μg.kg intravenous (i.

Morphometric and Anatomic Variations of Foramen Ovale in Human Skull and Its Clinical Importance.

Objective: There is a paucity of information regarding the specific anatomy and clinical significance of variations of foramen ovale (FO). The present study was undertaken to define this anatomy in more detail and to review the literature regarding these anatomic variations.

Materials And Methods: A total of 124 adult human dry skulls were analyzed for the variations in appearance and number of FO being noted.

Transwindow Suture Technique for Pseudocyst of Pinna.

Pseudocyst or seroma of the pinna is the accumulation of serous fluid between the perichondrium and cartilage of pinna. Though there are several surgical techniques in the treatment of seroma, recurrence is common. The aim and objective of this preliminary study is to present and discuss a novel technique of treating pseudocyst of pinna which is practiced at Karwar Institute of Medical sciences.

Assessment of perceived stress and association with sleep quality and attributed stressors among 1-year medical students: A cross-sectional study from Karwar, Karnataka, India.

Objectives: The objective is to study the extent of perceived stress among 1-year medical students using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) and its association with sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and attributed stressors.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 121 1-year medical students at Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar, Karnataka, India. The extent of their stress was assessed using the PSS-14 and their sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI.

Association of Diabetic Nephropathy and Liver Disorders.

Introduction: Liver disorder is known to be a risk factor for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and diabetic patients are at risk of developing liver disorders. Association of liver and renal disease is less explored in the field of research; hence, we conducted a retrospective study on this.

Aim: To compare the renal and liver profiles of type II DM patients compared to healthy controls and find the association between the two profiles in diabetics.