The Future of Surgical Diagnostics: Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Ganglion Cells for Hirschsprung Disease.

Hirschsprung disease, a congenital disease characterized by the absence of ganglion cells, presents significant surgical challenges. Addressing a critical gap in intraoperative diagnostics, we introduce transformative artificial intelligence approach that significantly enhances the detection of ganglion cells in frozen sections. The data set comprises 366 frozen and 302 formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides obtained from 164 patients from 3 centers.

LTβR deficiency causes lymph node aplasia and impaired B cell differentiation.

Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) provide the confined microenvironment required for stromal cells to interact with immune cells to initiate adaptive immune responses resulting in B cell differentiation. Here, we studied three patients from two families with functional hyposplenism, absence of tonsils, and complete lymph node aplasia, leading to recurrent bacterial and viral infections. We identified biallelic loss-of-function mutations in encoding the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR), primarily expressed on stromal cells.

Evaluation of histopathological findings in very old people (≥ 80 years old) in Turkish population.

Background: The lesions observed in very old populations exhibit a wide spectrum of characteristics. Histopathological evaluation may be necessary for accurate diagnosis in this demographic. There is limited amount of data on the histopathological evaluation of lesions in very old patients.

Impact of adalimumab on erectile dysfunction, sperm parameters and hormonal profile in male psoriasis patients: a six-month observational study.

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is associated with systemic complications that extend beyond cutaneous lesions, including cardiovascular risks and sexual dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is notably more prevalent in male psoriasis patients, likely driven by both systemic inflammation and psychological stress. Adalimumab (ADA), a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, has been shown to effectively reduce psoriasis severity, but its effects on sexual and reproductive health remain underexplored.

The long-term effects of different telerehabilitation programs on respiratory, exercise, and activity-related parameters in COVID-19 survivors: a randomized controlled trial in Türkiye.

Introduction: The long-term outcomes of different telerehabilitation gains for discharged COVID-19 patients are largely uncertain, and this point needs to be explored. This study aimed to research the effectiveness of telerehabilitation and compare the long-term results of videoconferencing-guided synchronous telerehabilitation and mobile application-guided asynchronous telerehabilitation programs, as well as determine the correlation between clinical and hemodynamic parameters.

Methods: Exercise programs including aerobic exercises, strengthening exercises, and pulmonary exercises were given to COVID-19 patients discharged from the Kartal Dr.

Efficacy of levothyroxine monotherapy in achieving clinical euthyroidism and its impact on weight loss in women with hypothyroidism and obesity.

In light of research indicating that normal TSH levels do not necessarily reflect clinical euthyroidism in hypothyroid patients, and given the patient dissatisfaction with levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy, we evaluate the response to weight loss treatment in patients with obesity and primary hypothyroidism who are euthyroid under LT4 therapy, with a focus on weight and metabolic parameters. The retrospective study included 138 subjects with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m), 69 women with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine, and 69 age- and BMI-matched women without thyroid disease. Secondary causes of obesity, medications that may affect thyroid functions and metabolic parameters, chronic and oncological disease, pregnancy, TSH outside the reference range, follow-up periods of less than one year, and bariatric surgery were the exclusion criteria.

Real-world data on direct oral anticoagulants in BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): a multicenter retrospective study on behalf of scientific subcommittee on MPNs for Turkish society of hematology.

BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) pose a substantial risk of thrombosis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulant therapy, historically based on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), has limitations in preventing recurrent thrombotic events and managing bleeding complications. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer a potential alternative with improved pharmacokinetics and compliance.

Regional variations in psoriatic arthritis: Insights from a nationwide multicenter analysis in Türkiye.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate and compare clinical features, disease activity, and the overall disease burden among psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients across seven distinct geographic regions in Türkiye.

Patients And Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study involving 1,134 PsA patients from 25 referral centers across seven regions was conducted. Demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and disease activity measures were evaluated across regions.

Paraganglioma With Intracranial Invasion Demonstrated on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.

68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT demonstrates superior sensitivity compared with other cross-sectional and functional imaging techniques in detecting head and neck paragangliomas. It is the primary recommended imaging modality for the evaluation of head and neck paragangliomas, especially in patients suspected of having locally aggressive, multifocal, or metastatic disease, as well as those being considered for targeted peptide-receptor therapy. Herein, we demonstrate the 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT findings of a skull base paraganglioma with extensive local invasion and intracranial extension.

Effect of obesity on COVID-19 disease severity in children.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused many injuries and deaths worldwide. Obesity is reported to be an important risk factor for severe COVID-19, although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aimed to determine whether obesity or being overweight is associated with the clinical course and severity of COVID-19 in children.

The Pathophysiology of Injuries and Deaths Managed in Emergency Departments After Earthquake Disasters: A Narrative Review.

Earthquakes cause devastating effects, resulting in the deaths of thousands of people each year. Understanding the full range of impacts, including fatalities, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects is crucial for mitigating the aftermath of earthquakes. Therefore, this review aims to: delineate the critical golden time periods following earthquakes and identify the most effective responses and resilience factors during these periods; accurately define the terminology for injuries sustained post-earthquake; elucidate the basic pathophysiology of CRUSH injury-induced myopathy, one of the most significant pathologies in post-earthquake patient management; explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) mechanisms in crush injuries, which are believed to be fundamental to the "smiling death phenomenon" and represent the unseen part of the iceberg; and highlight the importance of the 3 main phenomena responsible for mortality-acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia-during disasters.

Extranodal Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presented as Bilateral Adrenal Masses on 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that commonly presents with constitutional symptoms, lymphadenopathy, and laboratory abnormalities. Although less common, extranodal involvement of MCL may be seen at initial presentation and most commonly occurs in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract. Adrenal involvement in MCL is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath block vs. local anesthetic infiltration in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing midline laparotomy: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postoperative pain is a serious problem in gynecological oncology patients. Rectus sheath block (RSB) is increasingly utilized as a part of multimodal analgesia. The purpose of this three blinded, randomized-controlled trial is to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) bilateral rectus sheath block (BRSB) and local anesthetic wound infiltration (LAWI) application in patients undergoing midline laparotomy for gynecologic cancer.

GATA3 Immunohistochemical Staining in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and its Diagnostic Utility in Differential Diagnosis.

Objective: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a common lymphoid neoplasm with a wide range of differential diagnosis. Although it has a specific immunophenotype, aberrant expression of antigens can cause problems at its diagnosis. In this study we evaluated the usefulness of GATA3 in differential diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Transseptal Puncture and Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Atrial Septal Occluder or Atrial Septal Defect Surgical Repair: A Single Center Experience.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). Cryoballoon ablation (CA) is a safe and efficient method for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in the treatment of AF. Achieving left atrial access may be difficult in patients with atrial septal occluders (ASO) or surgical repair of ASD.

Multicentral Retrospective Analysis of Venetoclax-Based Treatments in AML and MDS: A Real-World Study by the Turkish Hematology Network Group.

Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome are both clonal hematologic malignancies that primarily affect older adults. Current treatments for AML/MDS are both limited in number and efficacy. This study aims to evaluate venetoclax-based therapies in AML/MDS, focusing on overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates, and to expand real-world data on its use.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nivolumab in Metastatic Lung Cancer Among Patients Aged 65 and Older.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, predominantly affecting older individuals. Despite the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the efficacy and safety in elderly patients, particularly those aged 65 and above, remain underexplored due to their underrepresentation in clinical trials. This retrospective study analyzed data from 60 elderly patients (≥65 years) with metastatic NSCLC who received nivolumab as second-line or later therapy between January 2020 and May 2023.

Assessment of Genetic Variants Linked to Susceptibility to Mechanical Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis.

Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a critical and life-threatening condition driven by multifactorial etiologies, including genetic predispositions. The study was designed as a single-center retrospective manner. Echocardiographic features and genetic test including factor II/prothrombin (G20210A), factor V Leiden (G1691A), factor V R2 (A4070G), apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 (G10708A), ApoE (C112R), ApoE (R158C), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, MTHFR A1298C, factor XIII G103T (V34L), β-fibrinogen (455G>A), PAI-1 4G/5G, and HPA-1 GPIIIa (T196C) genotyping variations were assessed.