Two-dimensional strain and strain rate imaging of the left atrium and left ventricle in adult patients with atrial septal defects before and after the later stage of percutaneous device closure.

Aim: Atrial septal defect (ASD) causes chronic volume overload of the right heart. The potential adverse effects of this long-standing volume overload to left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) and their response to ASD closure has been poorly studied.

Methods: We studied 20 ASD patients before the procedure, at the 24-hour and 1 month following the percutaneous closure.

Atherosclerosis in type IV dual left anterior descending artery and anomalous aortic origin of the left circumflex artery in association with rheumatic valve disease: a case report.

Double left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the left and right coronary arteries is a very rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. In this case, there was also a circumflex artery arising from the right sinus Valsalva and in association with severe rheumatic valve disease. Subsequently, the patient underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement with a 21-mm bileaflet mechanical aortic valve and coronary artery bypass grafting.