'We did everything by phone': a qualitative study of mothers' experience of smartphone-aided screening of cerebral palsy in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Background: International guidelines recommend early intervention to all children at risk of cerebral palsy, but targeted screening programs are often lacking in low- and middle-income settings with the highest burden of disease. Smartphone applications have the potential to improve access to early diagnostics by empowering parents to film their children at home followed by centralized evaluation of videos with General Movements Assessment. We explored mothers' perceptions about participating in a smartphone aided cerebral palsy screening program in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Treatment planning and delivery practice of lung SBRT: Results of the 2022 ESTRO physics survey.

Background And Purpose: The use of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in lung cancer is increasing. However, there is no consensus on the most appropriate treatment planning and delivery practice for lung SBRT. To gauge the range of practice, quantify its variability and identify where consensus might be achieved, ESTRO surveyed the medical physics community.

Experience-based health state valuation using the EQ VAS: a register-based study of the EQ-5D-3L among nine patient groups in Sweden.

Background: The EQ VAS component of the EQ-5D questionnaire has been used to assess patients' valuation of their own health besides its use for self-reporting of overall health status. The objective of the present study was to identify patients' valuation of EQ-5D-3L health states using the EQ VAS in different patient groups over time and in comparison to the general population.

Methods: Data were obtained from patients from nine National Quality Registers (n = 172,070 patients) at baseline and at 1-year follow-up and compared with data from the general population (n = 41,761 participants).

Mortality following proximal humerus fracture-a nationwide register study of 147,692 fracture patients in Sweden.

Unlabelled: Little is known about survival after proximal humerus fracture. In this manuscript, we found the mortality to be high (almost four times higher than in age- and sex-matched controls). While frailty hip fracture has gained attention, we hope our manuscript will shed light on frailty proximal humerus fracture patients.

Psychoeducational group intervention for intellectually able adults with autism and their close relations (Prisma) - an open feasibility study.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adulthood is associated with severe impairments in functioning and poor health, while ASD is also affecting close relations. Accessible first-line interventions addressing the complex clinical needs and care coordination are lacking.

Methods: This study investigated the feasibility and preliminary effects of a new psychoeducational intervention (Prisma) developed for intellectually able adults with ASD and their close relations in an outpatient setting.

Quantitative sensory testing of mandibular somatosensory function following orthognathic surgery-A pilot study in Chinese with class III malocclusion.

Background: Somatosensory changes after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) have not been fully studied in Chinese patients by the latest technologies.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive analysis of somatosensory function at the lower lip and chin at different time points following SSRO in a Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 22 patients (18-27 years; nine men) with skeletal III malocclusion and scheduled for SSRO were recruited.

Muscle Mass Assessed by Computed Tomography at the Third Lumbar Vertebra Predicts Patient Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: Muscle mass is a key element for the evaluation of nutritional disturbances in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low muscle mass is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The assessment of muscle mass by computed tomography at the third lumbar vertebra region (CTMM-L3) is an accurate method not subject to errors from fluctuation in the hydration status.

International Comparison of Six Basic eHealth Indicators Across 14 Countries: An eHealth Benchmarking Study.

Background: Many countries adopt eHealth applications to support patient-centered care. Through information exchange, these eHealth applications may overcome institutional data silos and support holistic and ubiquitous (regional or national) information logistics. Available eHealth indicators mostly describe usage and acceptance of eHealth in a country.

Metabolic Interaction Between Schwann Cells and Axons Under Physiological and Disease Conditions.

Recent research into axon-glial interactions in the nervous system has made a compelling case that glial cells have a relevant role in the metabolic support of axons, and that, in the case of myelinating cells, this role is independent of myelination itself. In this mini-review article, we summarize some of those observations and focus on Schwann cells (SC), drawing parallels between glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), pointing out limitations in current knowledge, and discussing its potential clinical relevance. First, we introduce SC, their development and main roles, and follow with an evolutionary perspective of glial metabolic function.

Correction to: CX3CR1 positively regulates BCR signaling coupled with cell metabolism via negatively controlling actin remodeling.

In the original published version of the article, the red squares in the figures which indicated the corrections.

Current Clinical Trials for Tinnitus: Drugs and Biologics.

Despite recent, major steps forward in our understanding of tinnitus pathophysiology and improved research methodology, tinnitus remains a clear unmet clinical need. Here, the authors identify current active clinical and preclinical development programs of tinnitus drug candidates using publications, databases, and company communications. The current drug development programs hold promise for new therapeutic options for tinnitus patients, but further fundamental research is needed to validate additional targets for treating tinnitus.

CX3CR1 positively regulates BCR signaling coupled with cell metabolism via negatively controlling actin remodeling.

As an important chemokine receptor, the role of CX3CR1 has been studied extensively on the migration of lymphocytes including T and B cells. Although CX3CR1 B cells have immune suppressor properties, little is known about its role on the regulation of BCR signaling and B cell differentiation as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. We have used CX3CR1 KO mice to study the effect of CX3CR1 deficiency on BCR signaling and B cell differentiation.

Computed tomography venography of the upper extremities - Using low dose bilateral contrast media injection in a patient with suspected venous thoracic outlet syndrome.

Venous thoracic outflow syndrome may occur as a result from compression of the subclavian and/or axillary vein and consequently, decreased blood flow and increased risk of thrombus formation. A previously healthy 34-year-old woman who, after intensive crossfit training, experienced sudden intense pain and swelling in her right upper arm was referred for computed tomography of her right upper arm and thoracic veins. The computed tomography was performed using bilateral injection of low dose, diluted contrast medium.

What motivates or demotivates injecting drug users to participate in hypothetical HIV vaccine efficacy trials? A qualitative study from urban Tanzania.

Background: HIV vaccine efficacy trials require the active participation of volunteers who are committed and adherent to the study protocol. However, information about the influence of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials in low-income countries is inadequate. The present study explored the factors that motivate or hinder IDUs from participating in HIV vaccine efficacy trials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Well-being and thriving in sheltered housing versus ageing in place: Results from the U-age sheltered housing study.

Aims: To explore to what extent type of residence (sheltered housing or ageing in place) contributes to thriving and well-being in older adults, when controlling for age, sex, living alone, being a widow and adjusting for functional status, self-rated health, and depressive mood.

Design: A matched cohort study.

Methods: A self-report survey was sent out to a total population of residents in all sheltered housings in Sweden and a matched control group ageing in place (N = 3,805).

Community participation to improve health services for children: a methodology for a community dialogue intervention in Uganda.

Background: Like other developing countries, Uganda still struggles to meaningfully reduce child mortality. A strategy of giving information to communities to spark interest in improving child survival through inducing responsibility and social sanctioning in the health workforce was postulated. By focusing on diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria, a Community and District Empowerment for Scale up (CODES) undertaking used "community dialogues" to arm communities with health system performance information.

Actions helping expressed or anticipated needs: Patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers' experiences of specialist palliative home care teams.

Patients with advanced cancer and family caregivers in palliative care face physical, psychological, social and existential challenges, much of the time home alone. Specialist palliative home care team services can be instrumental for sense of security in an uncertain situation. The aim of this study was to describe patients' and family caregivers' experiences of specialist palliative home care team actions that are identified by the participants as helping or hindering interventions.

Single-phase bilateral low dose contrast medium injection for diagnosing occlusions of the thoracic venous system: a case report.

Occlusion of the thoracic venous system and/or occlusion of central venous catheters (CVC) of unknown cause can, in selected cases, require advanced imaging. Here, we describe a case study of a patient with a failing central dialysis catheter (CDC) which was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) in connection with a single-phase bilateral low-dose contrast medium (CM) injection using only 3.6 g of iodine.

Percutaneous coronary intervention versus conservative treatment for non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients above 80 years of age.

Background: There is a paucity of data if there is a benefit for patients above 80 years of age with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Objectives: To investigate the association between PCI or conservative treatment and outcomes in NSTEMI patients above 80 years of age.

Methods: From the SWEDEHEART register were included 13,854 patients above 80 years of age with NSTEMI during 2011-2014 in Sweden.

The spatial variation in the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China.

Owing to lack of data from multiple air quality monitoring stations, studies about spatial association between concentrations of ambient pollutants and mortality in China are rare. To investigate the spatial variation of association between concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China, we collected data including daily deaths, concentrations of PM, NO and CO, and meteorological factors from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2010 in all 16 districts of Beijing. Generalized additive model (GAM) and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were used to examine the citywide and district-specific effects of PM, NO and CO on cardiovascular mortality.

Inversed relationship between completeness of follow-up and coverage of postoperative complications in gallstone surgery and ERCP: a potential source of bias in patient registers.

Objective: To analyse the completeness in GallRiks of the follow-up frequency in relation to the intraoperative and postoperative outcome.

Design: Population-based register study.

Setting: Data from the national Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), GallRiks.

Genome-Wide Association and Replication Study of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Antiretrovirals Alone or with Concomitant Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs.

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is a common adverse event that is associated with both antiretroviral (ARV) and anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD). Moreover, the genetic variations predisposing ARV- and ARV-ATD-induced liver toxicity in African populations are not well investigated, despite the two diseases being the major global health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replication study to identify the genetic variants linked to the risk of developing DIH due to ARV drugs alone, and ARV-ATD co-treatment in Ethiopian HIV-positive patients.

Microparticles containing erlotinib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitizing mutations in the exons 18-21 of the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene show increased kinase activity of EGFR. Hence, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib (ETB) have commonly been used as the second line therapeutic option for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC. While the ETB is available as an oral dosage form, the local delivery of this TKI to the diseased cells of the lung may ameliorate its therapeutic impacts.

Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality: Adjustment of the Meteorological Factors.

Few studies have explicitly explored the impacts of the extensive adjustment (with a lag period of more than one week) of temperature and humidity on the association between ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular mortality. In a time stratified case-crossover study, we used a distributed lag nonlinear model to assess the impacts of extensive adjustments of temperature and humidity for longer lag periods (for 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 days) on effects of PM on total cardiovascular mortality and mortality of cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease and corresponding exposure-response relationships in Beijing, China, between 2008 and 2011. Compared with results only controlled for temperature and humidity for 2 days, the estimated effects of PM were smaller and magnitudes of exposure-response curves were decreased when longer lag periods of temperature and relative humidity were included for adjustments, but these changes varied across subpopulation, with marked decreases occurring in males and the elderly who are more susceptible to PM-related mortalities.