Hypothalamic Subunit Volumes in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders.

Background: The hypothalamus is central to many hormonal and autonomous nervous system pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that these pathways may be disrupted in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Yet, few studies have examined the volumes of hypothalamic subunits in these patient groups.

Efficacy and acceptability of cognitive-behavioral therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are recommended treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but their relative efficacy and acceptability have not been comprehensively examined. Further, it remains unclear whether the efficacy of in-person CBT is conserved when delivered in other formats, such as over telephone/webcam or as Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT).

Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, trial registries, and previous systematic reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBT (in-person, webcam/telephone-delivered, or ICBT) or SRIs with control conditions or each other.

'Ageing with an alcohol problem is not what I envision': reclaiming agency in shaping personal ageing trajectory and recovery from alcohol problems.

Background: Eliciting and understanding older persons' descriptions of their resources for healthy ageing and the interaction of these resources with alcohol use and alcohol problems can facilitate health promotion. It can also inform clinicians when identifying areas of recovery capital that present risks and strength for older people seeking alcohol treatment. The objective of this study was to illuminate the experiences and perspectives of older persons on ageing, alcohol use, treatment, and recovery from alcohol problems, as well as their understanding of healthy ageing.

Electroconvulsive Therapy Versus Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With a Depressive Episode: A Register-Based Study.

Objectives: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are both effective in treating depression. Although rTMS induces fewer adverse effects, its effectiveness relative to ECT is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment outcomes of ECT and rTMS in patients who have received both interventions.

The Effect of Methylphenidate on Cognition in Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Amphetamine Use Disorder: An Exploratory Single-Blinded within-Subject Study.

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Two randomized controlled trials, utilizing robust doses of stimulants, demonstrated a significant effect on treatment outcomes in patients with ADHD/SUD. This study aimed to investigate differences in executive functioning and explore the dose-dependent effect of OROS-methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with comorbid ADHD and amphetamine use disorder (ADHD+AMPH) and patients with ADHD only.

The Association Between Emotion Recognition and Internalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.

Numerous studies have explored the link between how well youth recognize emotions and their internalizing problems, but a consensus remains elusive. This study used a three-level meta-analysis model to quantitatively synthesize the findings of existing studies to assess the relationship. A moderation analysis was also conducted to explore the sources of research heterogeneity.

The risk and development of work disability among individuals with gambling disorder: a longitudinal case-cohort study in Sweden.

Background: This longitudinal register study aimed to investigate the association between gambling disorder (GD) and work disability and to map work disability in subgroups of individuals with GD, three years before and three years after diagnosis.

Methods: We included individuals aged 19-62 with GD between 2005 and 2018 ( = 2830; 71.1% men, mean age: 35.

Olfactory Cues of Naturally Occurring Systemic Inflammation: A Pilot Study of Seasonal Allergy.

Introduction: In an attempt to avoid contact with infectious individuals, humans likely respond to generalized rather than specific markers of disease. Humans may thus perceive a noninfectious individual as socially less attractive if they look (e.g.

Machado-Joseph disease in a Sudanese family links East Africa to Portuguese families and allows reestimation of ancestral age of the Machado lineage.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is the most frequent dominant ataxia worldwide. It is caused by a (CAG) expansion. MJD has two major ancestral backgrounds: the Machado lineage, found mainly in Portuguese families; and the Joseph lineage, present in all five continents, probably originating in Asia.

The impact of placental genomic risk for schizophrenia and birth asphyxia on brain development.

The placenta plays a role in fetal brain development, and pregnancy and birth complications can be signs of placental dysfunction. Birth asphyxia is associated with smaller head size and higher risk of developing schizophrenia (SZ), but whether birth asphyxia and placental genomic risk factors associated with SZ are related and how they might impact brain development is unclear. 433 adult patients with SZ and 870 healthy controls were clinically evaluated and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Is internet-based parent training for everyone? Predictors and moderators of outcomes in group vs. internet-based parent training for children with disruptive behavior problems.

Parent training is an effective treatment for disruptive behavior problems in children. However, as there is limited access to traditional face-to-face treatment, other delivery formats have been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate possible predictors and moderators of outcome, completion and engagement in parent training when delivered in group or through the internet.

Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

Importance: The lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in individuals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy individuals.

Objective: To quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder.

Swedish multimodal cohort of patients with anxiety or depression treated with internet-delivered psychotherapy (MULTI-PSYCH).

Purpose: Depression and anxiety afflict millions worldwide causing considerable disability. MULTI-PSYCH is a longitudinal cohort of genotyped and phenotyped individuals with depression or anxiety disorders who have undergone highly structured internet-based cognitive-behaviour therapy (ICBT). The overarching purpose of MULTI-PSYCH is to improve risk stratification, outcome prediction and secondary preventive interventions.

Behavioural self-control training versus motivational enhancement therapy for individuals with alcohol use disorder with a goal of controlled drinking: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Controlled drinking (CD) is an attractive treatment goal for a large proportion of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), but the availability of treatment methods supporting a goal of CD is scarce. We tested if behavioural self-control training (BSCT) was superior to motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for individuals with AUD with a treatment goal of CD.

Design: Randomized controlled two-group trial.

Training of professionals in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia - A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies.

Insomnia is common, and causes substantial individual suffering and costs for society. The recommended first-line treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), which is under-used partly due to a lack of trained providers. To train providers is thus important, but what is the current situation regarding CBT-I training? A systematic search of databases was conducted to identify scientific peer-reviewed papers describing CBT-I training with regards to: existing amounts of training, proposed curricula, trainees, delivery context, content of training, modes of delivery, evaluation of the training from a trainee perspective, and effects on patients.

Corrigendum: Acceptance and commitment therapy preceded by attention bias modification on residual symptoms in depression: a 12-month follow-up.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.

Consanguinity and willingness to perform premarital genetic screening in Sudan.

Consanguineous marriage is prevalent in certain world regions due to cultural, economic, and social reasons. However, it can lead to negative consequences including an increased risk of genetic disorders in offspring. Premarital genetic screening (PMGS) is an important tool to identify and manage these risks before marriage.

Evaluation of Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Conditions Among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins.

Importance: Low birth weight is associated with an increased likelihood of neurodivergence and neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) such as autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability. However, it is unclear whether birth weight contributes independently to NDCs or whether the association is predominantly driven by genetic predisposition.

Objective: To estimate the associations between birth weight and dimensional (trait) and categorical (diagnoses) NDC outcomes, while adjusting for genetic risks.

Altered Sex Differences in Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Schizophrenia.

Background And Hypothesis: The hippocampus is a heterogenous brain structure that differs between the sexes and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric illnesses. Here, we explored sex and diagnostic group differences in hippocampal subfield volumes, in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ), bipolar disorders (BD), and healthy controls (CTL).

Study Design: One thousand and five hundred and twenty-one participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SZ, n = 452, mean age 30.

Circular RNAs arising from synaptic host genes during human neuronal differentiation are modulated by SFPQ RNA-binding protein.

Background: Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules, generated through non-canonical back-splicing of exon-exon junctions, have recently been implicated in diverse biological functions including transcriptional regulation and modulation of protein interactions. CircRNAs are emerging as a key component of the complex neural transcriptome implicated in brain development. However, the specific expression patterns and functions of circRNAs in human neuronal differentiation have not been explored.