Preserved Serotonin Transporter Availability in Parkinson Disease Measured with Either [C]MADAM or [C]DASB: A Study Including 2 Separate Cohorts of Nondepressed Patients.

Serotonin transporter (SERT) availability was assessed using 2 tracers, [C],-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine ([C]DASB) and [C],-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-fluoromethylphenylthio)benzylamine) ([C]MADAM), in independent cohorts of patients and controls. This study aimed to independently confirm whether SERT remains intact in nondepressed individuals with early-stage Parkinson disease (PD), because the use of diverse methodologies could potentially yield disparate results. Seventeen PD patients (5 women and 12 men; age, 64 ± 7 y; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score, 23 ± 5; Beck Depression Inventory score, 5 ± 4) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent [C]MADAM PET at Karolinska Institutet.

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) may be associated with an increased risk of mortality, but specific causes of death are poorly understood.

Objectives: In this matched cohort and sibling cohort study, we estimated the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with TS/CTD, compared with unaffected matched individuals and unaffected full siblings.

Methods: We identified all individuals diagnosed with TS/CTD in the Swedish National Patient Register who were living in the country between 1973 and 2020 and matched them (1:10) to individuals without TS/CTD from the general population.

Identification and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of KAC-50.1 as a Potential α-Synuclein PET Radioligand.

The accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Here within, we report the in vitro characterization targeting site 2 of α-syn fibrils and in vivo evaluation of NHPs of KAC-50.1 as a potential α-syn positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand.

Improving mental health among intensive care unit staff with communication skills training.

Purpose: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) staff report that a large part of the work-related distress they experience is related to communication situations with colleagues, patients, and relatives. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to preliminary evaluate the effects of a novel Communication Skills Training (CST) program on mental health among ICU staff.

Methods: The CST program was delivered to the entire work force of an ICU at a Swedish hospital and was evaluated as an uncontrolled clinical trial with three repeated measures.

Examining the association between the FTO gene and neuroticism reveals indirect effects on subjective well-being and problematic alcohol use.

Associations between the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and obesity are well-established. However, recent studies have linked FTO to addiction phenotypes and dopaminergic signaling, thus suggesting broader psychiatric implications. We explored this assumption by conducting a phenome-wide association study across 4756 genome-wide association studies, identifying 23-26 psychiatric traits associated with FTO at the multiple-corrected significance level.

A novel missense variant in the ATPase domain of ATP8A2 and review of phenotypic variability of ATP8A2-related disorders caused by missense changes.

ATPase, class 1, type 8 A, member 2 (ATP8A2) is a P4-ATPase with a critical role in phospholipid translocation across the plasma membrane. Pathogenic variants in ATP8A2 are known to cause cerebellar ataxia, impaired intellectual development, and disequilibrium syndrome 4 (CAMRQ4) which is often associated with encephalopathy, global developmental delay, and severe motor deficits. Here, we present a family with two siblings born from a consanguineous, first-cousin union from Sudan presenting with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, spasticity, ataxia, nystagmus, and thin corpus callosum.

Loneliness and posttraumatic stress in U.S. adolescents: A longitudinal study.

Background: Loneliness and posttraumatic stress (PTS) are common in adolescence. However, there has been little longitudinal research on their association. To address this deficit, this study examined the longitudinal association between these phenomena in a sample of U.

A novel missense variant in the ATPase domain of ATP8A2 and review of phenotypic variability of -related disorders caused by missense changes.

ATPase, class 1, type 8A, member 2 (ATP8A2) is a P4-ATPase with a critical role in phospholipid translocation across the plasma membrane. Pathogenic variants in are known to cause cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and disequilibrium syndrome 4 (CAMRQ4) which is often associated with encephalopathy, global developmental delay, and severe motor deficits. Here, we present a family with two siblings presenting with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, spasticity, ataxia, nystagmus, and thin corpus callosum.

Exploring the Interactions between two Ligands, UCB-J and UCB-F, and Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2 Isoforms.

modeling was applied to study the efficiency of two ligands, namely, and , to bind to isoforms of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) that are involved in the regulation of synaptic function in the nerve terminals, with the ultimate goal to understand the selectivity of the interaction between and to different isoforms of SV2. Docking and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to unravel various binding patterns, types of interactions, and binding free energies, covering hydrogen bonding and nonspecific hydrophobic interactions, water bridge, π-π, and cation-π interactions. The overall preference for bonding types of and with particular residues in the protein pockets can be disclosed in detail.

Altered Serotonin 1B Receptor Binding After Escitalopram for Depression Is Correlated With Treatment Effect.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs inhibit the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the downstream antidepressant mechanism of action of these drugs is poorly understood. The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor is functionally linked to 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptor binding and 5-HT1B receptor mRNA is reduced in the raphe nuclei after SSRI administration in primates and rodents, respectively.

Evaluating the effect of rapamycin treatment in Alzheimer's disease and aging using in vivo imaging: the ERAP phase IIa clinical study protocol.

Background: Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase, and preclinical data demonstrate that it is a promising candidate for a general gero- and neuroprotective treatment in humans. Results from mouse models of Alzheimer's disease have shown beneficial effects of rapamycin, including preventing or reversing cognitive deficits, reducing amyloid oligomers and tauopathies and normalizing synaptic plasticity and cerebral glucose uptake. The "Evaluating Rapamycin Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease using Positron Emission Tomography" (ERAP) trial aims to test if these results translate to humans through evaluating the change in cerebral glucose uptake following six months of rapamycin treatment in participants with early-stage Alzheimer's disease.

High Contrast PET Imaging of Subcortical and Allocortical Amyloid-β in Early Alzheimer's Disease Using [11C]AZD2184.

Background: Deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) appear early in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of cortical and subcortical Aβ in early AD using positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: Eight cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, 8 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 8 with mild AD were examined with PET and [11C]AZD2184.

Toxoplasma gondii infection associated with inflammasome activation and neuronal injury.

Toxoplasma gondii (TOXO) infection typically results in chronic latency due to its ability to form cysts in the brain and other organs. Latent toxoplasmosis could promote innate immune responses and impact brain function. A large body of evidence has linked TOXO infection to severe mental illness (SMI).

Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes in a Naturalistic Setting.

Body-focused repetitive behavior disorders, including trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin picking) disorder, typically emerge in early adolescence, but little is known about the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of these disorders in young people, particularly in real-world clinical settings. Participants were 63 children and adolescents (51 girls; age range 9-17) with a diagnosis of trichotillomania (n = 33) and/or skin-picking disorder (n = 33) attending a specialist outpatient clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered at the initial assessment.

Lower complement C1q levels in first-episode psychosis and in schizophrenia.

Recent evidence has implicated complement component (C) 4A in excessive elimination of synapses in schizophrenia. C4A is believed to contribute to physiological synapse removal through signaling within the C1q initiated classical activation axis of the complement system. So far, a potential involvement of C1q in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains unclear.

Exploring cutoff points and measurement invariance of the Brunnsviken brief quality of life inventory.

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) can be defined as the goodness of life, beyond simply absence of disease or functional impairments, self-rating scales of which capture valuable information beyond change in primary outcomes. This study ( = 3,384) validated the Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Inventory (BBQ) across divergent groups by evaluating its measurement invariance (MI). We hypothesized measurement invariance for the BBQ across age groups, genders, depression, and anxiety severity.

Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms.

Background: Eating disorder (ED) symptoms have been associated with different types of traumatic events, such as exposure to sexual and physical violence, and emotional abuse. However, the relation between ED symptoms and community violence exposure (CVE) is underexplored, despite the latter's adverse effects on many aspects of adolescent functioning. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between CVE and ED symptoms in adolescents, while also investigating the potential mediating and moderating roles of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, gender, and ethnicity.