Pregnancy wastage among HIV infected women in a high HIV prevalence district of India.

Background: Bagalkot district in Karnataka state is one of the highest HIV prevalence districts in India. A large proportion of the girls also marry at early age in the district and negative pregnancy outcomes among the HIV positive women likely to have large pregnancy wastages. Therefore, this study examined the pregnancy wastages and the associated factors among HIV positive women in a high prevalent district in India.

1-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one.

In the title compound, C8H6ClN3O, the dihedral angle between the 1,2,4-triazole and benzene rings is 4.60 (9)° and an intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action closes an S(6) ring. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(8) loops and C-H⋯O inter-actions link the dimers into [100] chains.

Family burden in patient with schizophrenia and depressive disorder: a comparative study.

Background: Family care burden among schizophrenia and depressive disorders has not been addressed in the research. Family burden was significantly high in patient with schizophrenia except the effect on physical health of other family member. Comparing burden in these two groups may help in the psychosocial management.

5-{4'-[(5-Benzyl-2H-tetra-zol-2-yl)meth-yl]biphenyl-2-yl}-1H-tetra-zole monohydrate.

In the title compound, C22H18N8·H2O, the dihedral angle between the tetra-zole rings is 69.58 (1)° while the terminal phenyl ring makes dihedral angles of 26.98 (8) and 39.

The acceptability among young Hindus and Muslims of actively ending the lives of newborns with genetic defects.

Aim: To explore the views in non-Western cultures about ending the lives of damaged newborns.

Method: 254 university students from India and 150 from Kuwait rated the acceptability of ending the lives of newborns with genetic defects in 54 vignettes consisting of all combinations of four factors: gestational age (term or 7 months); severity of genetic defect (trisomy 21 alone, trisomy 21 with serious morphological abnormalities or trisomy 13 with impending death); the parents' attitude about prolonging care (unknown, in favour or opposed); and the procedure used (withholding treatment, withdrawing it or injecting a lethal substance).

Results: Four clusters were identified by cluster analysis and subjected to analysis of variance.

2-[4-(Morpholin-4-ylmeth-yl)phen-yl]benzonitrile.

In the title compound, C18H18N2O, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation with the exocyclic N-C bond in an equatorial orientation. The dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the morpholine ring (all atoms) and the cyano-benzene ring are 87.87 (7) and 52.

Stress-induced inhibition of recruitment of ovarian follicles for vitellogenic growth and interruption of spawning cycle in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus.

The tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, shows a short ovarian cycle of 24-26 days in nonmouthbrooding condition. In this study, the stripped female O. mossambicus were exposed to repeated mild acute stressors such as handling, chasing, frequent netting and low water levels daily for a period of 26 days.

Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro anti-microbial and anti-tubercular activity of 2-styryl benzimidazoles.

A new series of novel 5-(nitro/bromo)-styryl-2-benzimidazoles (1-12) has been synthesized by simple, mild and efficient synthetic protocol by attempted condensation of 5-(nitro/bromo)-o-phenylenediamine with trans-cinnamic acids in ethylene glycol. Screening for in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37) Rv, anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial strains and anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and Asperigillus fumigatus fungal strains were carried out. Compounds 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 showed higher anti-tubercular activity and compounds 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 have proved to be effective with MIC (microg/ml) and emerged as lead molecules showing excellent activities against a panel of microorganisms.

Biodegradation of p-cresol by immobilized cells of Bacillus sp. strain PHN 1.

The Bacillus sp. strain PHN 1 capable of degrading p-cresol was immobilized in various matrices namely, polyurethane foam (PUF), polyacrylamide, alginate and agar. The degradation rates of 20 and 40 mM p-cresol by the freely suspended cells and immobilized cells in batches and semi-continuous with shaken cultures were compared.

Biodegradation of cypermethrin by Micrococcus sp. strain CPN 1.

A bacterium capable of utilizing pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin as sole source of carbon was isolated from soil and identified as a Micrococcus sp. The organism also utilized fenvalerate, deltamethrin, perimethrin, 3-phenoxybenzoate, phenol, protocatechuate and catechol as growth substrates. The organism degraded cypermethrin by hydrolysis of ester linkage to yield 3-phenoxybenzoate, leading to loss of its insecticidal activity.

Biodegradation of p-cresol by Bacillus sp. strain PHN 1.

A bacterium capable of utilizing p-cresol as sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from soil and identified as a Bacillus species. The organism also utilized phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and gentisic acid as growth substrates. The organism degraded p-cresol to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which was further metabolized by a gentisate pathway, as evidenced by isolation and identification of metabolites and enzyme activities in the cell-free extract.

Rotational diffusion and solvatochromic correlation of coumarin 6 laser dye.

Rotational diffusion of coumarin 6 (C6) laser dye has been examined in n-decane and methanol as a function of temperature. The rotational reorientation of this probe has been measured in these solvents. It is observed that the decrease in viscosity of the solution is responsible for the decrease in the rotational relaxation time of the probe molecule.

The vibrational spectra, assignments and ab initio/DFT analysis for 3-chloro, 4-chloro and 5-chloro-2-methylphenyl isocyanates.

The Raman (3500-50 cm(-1)) and infrared (4000-200 cm(-1)) spectra of 3-chloro, 4-chloro and 5-chloro-2-methylphenyl isocyanates have been measured. Ab initio and density functional theory calculations, at the levels of RHF/6-311G* and B3LYP/6-311G*, have been performed: energies, optimized geometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman activities, depolarization ratios and nuclear displacements are obtained. Potential energy distributions (PEDs) and normal modes, for the spectral data computed at B3LYP/6-311G*, have also been obtained from a force-field calculations.

Solvent effects on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of coumarins 6 and 7 molecules: determination of ground and excited state dipole moment.

Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of coumarins 6 and 7 were recorded in solvents with different solvent parameters, viz., dielectric constant epsilon and refractive index n. The fluorescence lifetime of these dyes were measured in butanol at higher values of viscosity over temperature.

Accumulation of fenvalerate and related changes in lactate and succinate dehydrogenases activity in functionally different tissues of the freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton).

Acute toxicity (LC50) of fenvalerate at 96 h to the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala was 6 microg/L. The accumulation of fenvalerate at different exposure periods (1, 2, 3, 4 d) on different tissues, namely gill, muscle, and liver, was first confirmed by thin layer chromatography and quantified with gas liquid chromatography. Gill accounted for the maximum accumulation of fenvalerate followed by muscle and liver.

Temporal effect of carbofuran on estrous cycle compensatory ovarian hypertrophy and follicles in hemiovariectomized albino mice.

Carbofuran, a systemic N-methyl carbamate pesticide was administered orally with an effective dose of 1.3mg/kg per day to hemiovariectomized (HOVX) mice for 5, 10, and 15 days. Sham-operated and HOVX control mice were administered a similar quantity of olive oil.

Ethnomedical knowledge of plants used by Kunabi Tribe of Karnataka in India.

Therapeutic effects and medicinal efficacy of the wild herbs were identified and administered by the tribal people to cure various ailments. Recently, the practice of herbal medicine has been diminishing, which may lead to the loss of valuable information about healing herbs. The Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka in India is one of the rich biodiversity centers of Western Ghats.

LHRH induced changes in the interrenal gland of the frog Rana cyanophlyctis (Schn.).

Administration (i.m.) of synthetic mammalian LHRH (40 ng/frog, alternate day for 30 days) to adult male intact frogs R.