Association of Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Repeated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis system, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) elevate reactive oxygen species, increase inflammation, and accelerate cellular aging, leading to neuroprogression and cognitive decline. However, there is no information about possible involvement of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), the product of lipid peroxidation associated with stress-associated diseases, in the complex etiology of PTSD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the plasma levels of 4-HNE between war veterans with PTSD ( = 62) and age-, sex- and ethnicity- matched healthy control subjects ( = 58) in order to evaluate the potential of HNE-modified proteins as blood-based biomarker of PTSD.

Therapeutic living communities for adults who are deaf and have intellectual disabilities: A conceptual model linking social communication and mental health.

As a consequence of long-lasting experiences of communicative and social deprivation and exclusion, adults who are deaf and have intellectual disabilities must be considered a high-risk group for the development of mental health problems. A therapeutic living community model with special emphasis on social communication development that has been implemented at three different sites in Austria is described. Through the development of the therapeutic living communities and subsequent observations, an approach is suggested to understand the mediating role of signed language and social communication skills in mental health outcomes for those with such mental health risk factors.

Tunable and functional deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulose valorization.

Stabilization of reactive intermediates is an enabling concept in biomass fractionation and depolymerization. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are intriguing green reaction media for biomass processing; however undesired lignin condensation is a typical drawback for most acid-based DES fractionation processes. Here we describe ternary DES systems composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid, additionally incorporating ethylene glycol (or other diols) that provide the desired 'stabilization' function for efficient lignocellulose fractionation, preserving the quality of all lignocellulose constituents.

Micromorphological Traits of Balcanic and Closely Related Species (Lamiaceae).

A study of the trichomes types and distribution and pollen morphology was carried out in nine taxa ( ssp. , ssp. , , ssp.

Frequency modulation of rattlesnake acoustic display affects acoustic distance perception in humans.

The estimation of one's distance to a potential threat is essential for any animal's survival. Rattlesnakes inform about their presence by generating acoustic broadband rattling sounds. Rattlesnakes generate their acoustic signals by clashing a series of keratinous segments onto each other, which are located at the tip of their tails.

Flow Injection Amperometric Evaluation of Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity of Chocolates with Different Cocoa Content at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode.

Research Background: The objective of this paper is to introduce an instrumentally simple analytical tool for determination of cocoa solid content in chocolates. This electroanalytical method is based on amperometric oxidation of all present antioxidants in chocolates at boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) that is integrated in a flow injection analysis (FIA) wall-jet electrode system.

Experimental Approach: As part of optimisation, thirteen commonly occurring antioxidants were investigated using cyclic voltammetry at the BDDE in 0.

Investigation into liquisolid system processability based on the SeDeM Expert System approach.

Liquisolid systems are emerging formulation approach for poorly soluble drugs, based on adsorption/absorption of drug dispersion and obtaining free-flowing powder with good compressibility. SeDeM Expert System represents a powder processability evaluation method. It may provide additional insight into liquisolid systems critical quality attributes, but the contribution of this approach remains to be explored.

Characterization of the Inducible and Slow-Releasing Hydrogen Sulfide and Persulfide Donor P*: Insights into Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important mediator of inflammatory processes. However, controversial findings also exist, and its underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Recently, the byproducts of HS, per-/polysulfides, emerged as biological mediators themselves, highlighting the complex chemistry of HS.

Use of Protamine in Nanopharmaceuticals-A Review.

Macromolecular biomolecules are currently dethroning classical small molecule therapeutics because of their improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine-a small polycationic peptide-represents a promising candidate. In nature, it binds and protects DNA against degradation during spermatogenesis due to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged DNA-phosphate backbone and the positively charged protamine.

Deaf Residents With Intellectual Disabilities During the First Covid-19 Associated Lockdown.

Two indicators for stress (mood and aggressive behavior) were evaluated in order to investigate the effect of the restrictions taken against the spread of the coronavirus on people who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) and have intellectual disabilities (ID). In three therapeutic living communities, specifically designed for the visual communication needs of people who are DHH and have ID, the mood of the residents is routinely assessed by staff members and every aggressive incident is recorded with the Staff Observation of Aggressions Scale-Revised (SOAS-R). For the 38 residents who were present 8 weeks before the first lockdown (t1) and the following 8 weeks (t2), mood ratings and ratings of aggressive behavior were compared between the two time periods.

Establishing and comparing energy security trends in resource-rich exporting nations (Russia and the Caspian Sea region).

In the international arena, it is often the case that in countries which largely depend on foreign resources, energy security, and its key components i.e. security of energy supply, environment, technology, geopolitical and economic factors, is a subject of concern.

Mechanistic aspects of carotenoid health benefits - where are we now?

Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role.

Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor based on nitrogen-decorated carbon dots for Listeria monocytogenes determination using a screen-printed carbon electrode.

Current method for identification of foodborne pathogens suffers from its relatively poor performance, consequently limiting its use. Herein, we first describe an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on nitrogen-decorated carbon dots (NCDs) for Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) determination using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE).

Sound production in piranhas is associated with modifications of the spinal locomotor pattern.

In piranhas, sounds are produced through the vibration of the swim bladder wall caused by the contraction of bilateral sonic muscles. Because they are solely innervated by spinal nerves, these muscles likely evolved from the locomotor hypaxial musculature. The transition from a neuromuscular system initially shaped for slow movements (locomotion) to a system that requires a high contraction rate (sound production) was accompanied with major peripheral structural modifications, yet the associated neural adjustments remain to this date unclear.

The Lichens' Microbiota, Still a Mystery?

Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global scale. Lichens usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can contribute substantially to biomass production.

Development of Molecules Antagonizing Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) occur in almost every tissue of the human body and consist of a protein core, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chains. These glycosaminoglycans are characterized by their polyanionic nature, due to sulfate and carboxyl groups, which are distributed along the chain. These chains can be modified by different enzymes at varying positions, which leads to huge diversity of possible structures with the complexity further increased by varying chain lengths.

Novel Human Tenascin-C Function-Blocking Camel Single Domain Nanobodies.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule Tenascin-C (TNC) is well-known to promote tumor progression by multiple mechanisms. However, reliable TNC detection in tissues of tumor banks remains limited. Therefore, we generated dromedary single-domain nanobodies Nb3 and Nb4 highly specific for human TNC (hTNC) and characterized the interaction with TNC by several approaches including ELISA, western blot, isothermal fluorescence titration and negative electron microscopic imaging.

Glycosaminoglycans located on neutrophils and monocytes impact on CXCL8- and CCL2-induced cell migration.

The role of glycosaminoglycans on the surface of immune cells has so far been less studied compared to their participation in inflammatory responses as members of the endothelium and the extracellular matrix. In this study we have therefore investigated if glycosaminoglycans on immune cells act in concert with GPC receptors (i.e.

Laser engraved microapillary pump paper-based microfluidic device for colorimetric and electrochemical detection of salivary thiocyanate.

A microcapillary grooved paper-based analytical device capable of dual-mode sensing (colorimetric and electrochemical detection) was demonstrated for analysis of viscous samples (e.g., human saliva).

Gap junction-mediated glycinergic inhibition ensures precise temporal patterning in vocal behavior.

Precise neuronal firing is especially important for behaviors highly dependent on the correct sequencing and timing of muscle activity patterns, such as acoustic signaling. Acoustic signaling is an important communication modality for vertebrates, including many teleost fishes. Toadfishes are well known to exhibit high temporal fidelity in synchronous motoneuron firing within a hindbrain network directly determining the temporal structure of natural calls.

A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear.

Located in the forelegs, katydid ears are unique among arthropods in having outer, middle, and inner components, analogous to the mammalian ear. Unlike mammals, sound is received externally via two tympanic membranes in each ear and internally via a narrow ear canal (EC) derived from the respiratory tracheal system. Inside the EC, sound travels slower than in free air, causing temporal and pressure differences between external and internal inputs.