Magnetic resonance elastography: basic principles, technique, and clinical applications in the liver.

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a constantly advancing technique for assessment of stiffness of tissues with newer technology and sequences. It is being increasingly used for the assessment of liver fibrosis. In this article, we discuss the advantages of MRE over biopsy and noninvasive methods such as US elastography in the assessment of liver fibrosis.

Comparison of Ketamine with Midazolam versus Ketamine with Fentanyl for Pediatric Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Procedure: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objectives: To compare the effects of ketamine-fentanyl (KF) and ketamine-midazolam (KM) combinations on hemodynamic parameters, recovery properties, pain, and side effects in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) procedure.

Methodology: In this double-blinded, randomized trial, 60 pediatric patients aged between 1 and 13 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Classes I and II, who scheduled for ESWL procedure, were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group KM received 0.

The relationship between fecal incontinence and vaginal delivery in the postmenopausal stage.

Objective: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries are one of the most significant complications of vaginal delivery that give way to fecal incontinence, which is defined as the involuntary leakage of gas, fluid or solid stool. Although sphincter injuries are seen in 0.5-9% of all deliveries.

Longer biopsy cores do not increase prostate cancer detection rate: A large-scale cohort study refuting cut-off values indicated in the literature.

Objective: Only a few papers in the literature aimed to evaluate biopsy core lengths. Additionally, studies evaluated the core length with different approaches. We aimed to determine whether prostate cancer (PCa) detection is affected from core lengths according to three different approaches in a large standard cohort and compare our cut-off values with the published cut-offs.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a screening test in prostate cancer.

Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) with digital rectal examination is used for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), where definite diagnosis can only be made by prostate biopsy. Recently neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a lipocalin family member glycoprotein, come into prominence as a cancer biomarker. This study is aimed to test serum NGAL as a diagnostic biomarker for PCa and discriminate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Relation of physical activity level with quality of life, sleep and depression in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity level on the quality of life, depression, sleep quality and functional capacity in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Fifty-five patients over 65 years of age (age range: 65-84 years) with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups including Insufficient Activity Group (IAG) and Physically Active Group (PAG) according to their responses to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Diagnostic value of microRNAs in prostate cancer patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels between 2, and 10 ng/mL.

Objective: Prostate specific antigen (PSA), used for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), is one of the best tumour markers known so far. However, in situations when PSA is between 2-10 ng/mL, which is named as grey zone, PSA falls short of distinguishing benign prostate diseases from PCa. On the other hand, it was demonstrated in many previous studies that microRNA (miRNA) could be a marker for cancer.

Non-infected penile prosthesis cultures during revision surgery; comparison between antibiotic coated and non - coated devices.

Introduction: Aim of this study is to investigate bacterial growth on non-infected devices and compare antibiotic-coated and non-coated implants.

Materials And Methods: The charts of 71 patients who underwent revision surgeries for penile prosthesis between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Of those, 31 devices were antibiotic-coated prostheses, while 40 of the implants were non-coated.

A Comparison of DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 Diagnostic Classifications in the Clinical Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder.

Aim of this study was to compare children diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) according to DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnostic systems. One hundred fifty children aged between 3 and 15 years diagnosed with PDD by DSM-IV-TR were included. PDD symptoms were reviewed through psychiatric assessment based on DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria.

A comprehensive study of oxidative stress in sudden hearing loss.

Little is known about the association between idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and oxidative stress. We investigated changes in a wide range of oxidants and antioxidants to create a comprehensive picture of oxidative imbalance. In the peripheral blood of 50 ISSNHL patients and 50 healthy subjects, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraoxonase (PON), thiol/disulphide levels were measured.

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Curcumin in Middle Ear Infection.

Aim: To investigate and analyze the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of curcumin in experimentally induced middle ear infection.

Method: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats with otomicroscopic examination findings within normal limits were included in the study. Study groups were established after Streptococcus pneumoniae was inoculated into the middle ear cavity of all rats.

Intrapolyp steroid injection for nasal polyposis: Randomized trial of safety and efficacy.

Objectives/hypothesis: Local and systemic steroid treatment is the mainstay of therapy for nasal polyposis. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intrapolyp steroid injection on nasal polyposis and to compare the outcomes with short-term oral steroid treatment.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled endoscopic clinical trial.

Clinical SYNTAX Score Can Predict Acute Kidney Injury following On-Pump but Not Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

Background: The complexity of coronary artery disease is usually a neglected factor in risk stratification systems. We aimed to analyze the discriminative ability of the clinical SYNTAX score (CSS) for acute kidney injury (AKI) following on- and off-pump coronary artery surgery.

Methods: A total of 193 patients were reviewed in this study.

Rehabilitation outcomes in children with cerebral palsy during a 2 year period.

[Purpose] To observe motor and functional progress of children with cerebral palsy during 2 years. [Subjects and Methods] Pediatric cerebral palsy patients aged 3-15 years (n = 35/69) with 24-month follow-up at our outpatient cerebral palsy clinic were evaluated retrospectively. The distribution of cerebral palsy types was as follows: diplegia (n = 19), hemiplegia (n = 4), and quadriplegia (n = 12).

Repair of Unstable Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation Using Nonabsorbable Tape Suture and Tension Band Technique: A Case Report with Good Results.

Posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation (PSCJD) is quite a rare condition. Nearly half of the closed reduction attempts fail due to various reasons. In this paper, we present a 25-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department in our hospital after having a motor-vehicle accident.

Comparison of two different steroid treatments with hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of the association of intratympanic (IT) steroid and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in patients presenting with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), and to compare this protocol with another consisting of intravenous (IV) steroid administration and HBO therapy. A total of 80 patients diagnosed with ISSNHL were included in this prospective trial. Patients were divided into three categories: a mild-to-moderate ISSNHL group with a pure-tone average (PTA) ≤60 decibels (dB), a severe ISSNHL group with a PTA of 60-80 dB, and a profound ISSNHL group with a PTA ≥81 dB.

Intravesical Migration of Missed Intrauterine Device Associated with Stone Formation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Intrauterine device is the most widely used method of reversible contraception. It may cause various complications including perforation of uterus. In this case, 44-year-old woman was presented with lower urinary tract symptoms after six years of insertion.

Ophthalmic manifestations in recently diagnosed childhood leukemia.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and the pattern of ocular involvement in children with leukemia at the time of diagnosis.

Methods: The data of patients with leukemia who underwent complete ophthalmic examination at the time of diagnosis between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, type of leukemia, ocular findings, blood parameters, and duration of follow-up were analyzed.

Psychological effects of calisthenic exercises on neuroinflammatory and rheumatic diseases.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calisthenic exercises on psychological status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: This study comprised 40 patients diagnosed with AS randomized into two exercise groups (group 1 = hospital-based, group 2 = home-based) and 40 patients diagnosed with MS randomized into two exercise groups (group 1 = hospital-based, group 2 = home-based).

Results: The exercise programme was completed by 73 participants (hospital-based = 34, home-based = 39).

Dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in the treatment of urethral strictures - does the stricture length affect success?

Background: Treatment of urethral strictures can be challenging, but, with appropriate preoperative evaluation and surgical planning it is possible to achieve successful results.

Objectives: To analyze if the stricture length affects the success with dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty technique.

Material And Methods: Between January 2004 and June 2010 a total of 40 patients with anterior urethral stricture were treated with dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty.

Oropharyngeal stenosis after transoral robotic lingual tonsillectomy.

Transoral robotic-assisted lingual tonsillectomy seems to confirm good tolerability with efficient results in both adult and pediatric populations, and the complication rate is usually dependent on the specific procedure and not related to the use of the robotic techniques. In these clinical reports, a 44-year-old woman (patient 1) and a 49-year-old woman (patient 2) were referred to our clinic with long-term complaints of dysphagia, snoring, and globus sensation. The patients were diagnosed with a lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, and lingual tonsillectomy was performed through transoral robotic surgery using the robotic da Vinci surgical system.

Nephropathy, but not Angiographically Proven Retinopathy, is Associated with Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a leading cause of end stage renal disease in the worldwide. Inflammation is regarded as one of the main reasons for the progression of diabetes complications. We aimed to evaluate the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as indicator of systemic inflammation with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

Comparison of different administration of ketamine and intravenous tramadol hydrochloride for postoperative pain relief and sedation after pediatric tonsillectomy.

Objectives: Tonsillectomy is the oldest and most frequently performed surgical procedure practiced by ear, nose, and throat physicians. In this study, our aim was to compare the analgesic effects of peritonsillar, rectal, as well as intravenous infiltration of ketamine and intravenous tramadol hydrochloride infiltration for postoperative pain relief and sedation after tonsillectomy in children.

Materials And Methods: This randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of peritonsillar, intravenous, and rectal infiltration of ketamine in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.