The prevalence of mental retardation by gender, age of diagnosis and location in Zonguldak province, Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of mental retardation by gender, age of diagnosis, and location in Zonguldak, Turkey.

Methods: The data of 1909 mentally retarded children recorded between 1995 and 2003 was obtained from the Learning Disability Guidance and Research Centre. Age, gender, IQ scores, the age of diagnosis, and living areas of cases were evaluated.

A giant extrasynovial osteochondroma in the infrapatellar fat pad: end stage Hoffa's disease.

The infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa is commonly injured but rarely discussed in the orthopaedic literature. Hoffa's disease is the extension of various traumatic events due to impingement and inflammation of the infrapatellar fat pad and known as a vague reason for anterior knee pain. Inflammation is foreground during acute phase of the disease while impingement due to fibrosis and scar tissue of infrapatellar fat pad plays a major role in the chronic phase.

Bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation in a horse rider: a case report and a review of the literature.

A case of bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation in a middle aged horse rider was presented. The patient was an amateur rider who sustained the injury when the horse reared suddenly. The rider fell back from the saddle while holding the halter.

Does dexmedetomidine reduce the injection pain due to propofol and rocuronium?

Background And Objectives: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the efficacy of dexmedetomidine compared with lidocaine in reducing the pain of propofol and rocuronium injection pain.

Methods: One hundred and fifty patients, scheduled for elective surgery with general anaesthesia, were divided into five groups: saline (Group 1), dexmedetomidine 0.25 microg kg(-1) (Group 2), lidocaine 0.

The relationship of target organ damage and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with vitamin D receptor gene fok-I polymorphism in essential hypertension.

Background: The contribution of genetic factors in hypertension cannot be denied.

Methods: In this study we evaluated the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (Bsm-I, Apa-I and Fok-I), and target organ damage in 74 patients (female/male 49/25, mean age 49.2 +/- 8 years) with essential hypertension.

Partial nephrectomy using a monopolar radiofrequency device: an animal model.

Objectives: To compare the use of radiofrequency (RF) and electrocautery in partial nephrectomy without renal artery clamping for bleeding and tissue destruction.

Methods: Sixteen adult rabbits were randomized into two groups. Partial nephrectomy using a monopolar RF device without renal artery clamping was performed in 8 rabbits (RF group) and partial nephrectomy using electrocautery was performed in the rest (cautery group).

A prospective randomized study for comparing bipolar plasmakinetic resection of the prostate with standard TURP.

Objectives: To compare clinical results of plasmakinetic (PK) resection vs. standard monopolar resection of the prostate, i.e.

Three-dimensional CT of Eagle's syndrome.

This case report presents three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) findings in the diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome that is characterized with an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament causing craniofacial or cervical pain. We have performed 3D-CT in three patients suspected to have this condition. Coronal images were taken in two patients and axial images in one patient with a spiral CT scanner.

Evaluation of the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus by proton MR spectroscopy in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with lymbic system dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not the neuronal integrity in hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus is affected in PTSD as assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Materials And Methods: Single voxel MRS was performed in 10 PTSD patients and 6 healthy subjects in two cerebral areas highly involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD (the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus).

Doppler evaluation of pediatric goiter: effect of mandatory iodination.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic status of the thyroid in children with goiter after the use of iodinated dietary salt for 3 years in a region of endemic iodine deficiency.

Methods: Sixty-six children between 7 and 12 years of age were included in the study. Three groups were constituted according to sonographically measured thyroid volume and urinary iodine excretion levels.

The posterior lumbar dural depth: an ultrasonographic study in children.

Lumbar puncture or identification of the epidural space is technically more difficult in children. Prior obtained information regarding the distance from skin to the dura mater may be useful as leading to an increase in success. We studied the anatomy of the posterior lumbar spine at the L4-5 intervertebral space in 137 children, using ultrasonography.

Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm creatine kinase, HspA2 chaperone protein (creatine kinase-M type), LDH, LDH-X, and lipid peroxidation product levels in infertile men with varicocele.

Objectives: To determine the total sperm creatine kinase, HspA2 chaperone protein (creatine kinase-M isoform), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH-X activities, and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels in infertile men with varicocele and to examine the possible effect of varicocelectomy on these parameters.

Methods: Eighty-one men were enrolled in this study. The study population consisted of a control group (n = 25) and a varicocele group (n = 56).

Acquired retraction of the eye as the first sign of myositis.

The authors report a patient who was diagnosed with idiopathic orbital myositis based on the findings of diplopia, worse on right gaze, globe retraction on adduction and injection at the lateral muscle tendon insertion of the left eye. Although orbital myositis as a cause of acquired retraction of the eye is rare, they wish to emphasize the importance of globe retraction with injection over the recti as an important clue for the diagnosis of orbital myositis.

Cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma mimicking a carotid body tumor: a case report.

Carotid body tumor (CBT), the most common tumor of the carotid bifurcation, presents as a pulsatile mass. Cervical sympathetic chain (CSC) schwannomas are slow growing lesions originating from myelin-producing Schwann cells. They may appear pulsatile due to the displacement of vascular structures by the non-vascular mass and thus may mimic a CBT.

Calciphylaxis involving both the upper and lower extremities.

Calciphylaxis is an uncommon complication of end stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. It characterized by cutaneous necrosis with mural calcifications and thrombosis in the small vessels of dermis. It is important to diagnose and treat, because of mortality rate from calciphylaxis is very high.

Comparison of ephedrine and ketamine in prevention of injection pain and hypotension due to propofol induction.

Background And Objective: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study compares the effects of ephedrine and ketamine on injection pain, and hypotension from propofol.

Methods: After obtaining the approval of the Ethics Committee, 75 patients (ASA I-II) scheduled for elective operations with general anaesthesia were divided into three groups. Saline 2 mL (Group S, n = 25), ketamine 0.

Remote effect of optic tract trauma in the occipital lobe (case report).

Traumatic brain damage can result in severe visual impairments including hemianopia. Lesions correlated with hemianopia can be located in any part of the retrochiasmatic optic pathway. However, traumatic lesions of the optic tract are relatively rare.

A life-threatening hematochesia after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy in a prostate cancer case presenting with lymphedema.

A 62-year-old male presenting with lymphedema at the left lower extremity was diagnosed as prostatic carcinoma by an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. Six days after the biopsy procedure, he developed severe hematochesia. Colonoscopy revealed an oozing visible vessel at the anterior rectal wall, a few centimeters from the anus.

A comparison of effects of fluoroquinolones on fracture healing (an experimental study in rats).

Background: The objective of the present study was to test and compare the effect of fluoroquinolones on fracture healing as assessed histopathologically.

Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were arbitrarily assigned to five groups with five animals each. Bilateral closed femoral fracture was constructed manually in all groups.

Antioxidant response at early stages and low grades of simple coal worker's pneumoconiosis diagnosed by high resolution computed tomography.

In miners exposed to coal dusts, coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) can occur. The purpose of the present study is to better understand the relations between coal dust exposure and activities of blood plasma antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in coal workers with early and low grade simple CWP diagnosed by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Forty-three coal workers who had profusions of 0/1-2/2 according to ILO 1980 chest X-ray (CXR) classification, 43 coal workers without CWP (control group 1) and 44 healthy subjects (control group 2) who were randomly selected from the population register or recruited from the hospital staff were enrolled.

Echinococcosis involving the liver, retrovesical and seminal vesicle presented with syncope.

Hydatid disease of the urogenital system, especially of the retroperitoneum and seminal vesicles, is a very rare condition. We report a case of hydatid disease located in the liver, retrovesical region and seminal vesicle that was diagnosed incidentally while investigating the etiology of syncope. Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography revealed hypoecoic multicystic masses which had thin septations and walls in the liver, retrovesical region and seminal vesicle.

Radiologic aspects of abdominal hydatidosis in children: a study of 31 cases in Turkey.

Objective: To determine the location and radiological characteristics in children with abdominal hydatid disease (HD).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one children (average age: 7.2 years) with abdominal HD were studied.

Symptomatic renal metastasis 5 years after the management of a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

A case of solitary renal metastasis five years after the management of a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is presented.

The effect of CAPE on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in the plasma of rats following thermal injury.

Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that oxygen-derived free radicals rise in the plasma after thermal injury and participate in the pathogenesis of tissue damage. Hence, various antioxidant molecules have been used in treatment of burn injury both experimentally and clinically. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, is known to have potent antioxidant property.