Classic Kaposi sarcoma: Diagnostics, treatment modalities, and genetic implications - A review of the literature.

Background And Purpose: Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is a rare vascular disease mainly found in populations of Mediterranean origin. The pathogenesis involves Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) and genetic mutations such as SNP309 in the MDM2 gene. The recently discovered BPTF mutation in cells of CKS patients demonstrated higher latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) staining and altered vital transcriptomics, implicating a potential role in tumorigenesis.

How to Tackle Discordance in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Recommendations by Using Oncotype DX Results, in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Background: The use of the Oncotype DX test reduces the rate of adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations. Few in-depth analyses have been performed on this decision-making process.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patient data based on available Oncotype DX test results (RS) irrespective of nodal status at a single center.

Kaposi sarcoma and vertebral involvement in people with HIV: a case report and systematic literature review.

Background: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) has been historically associated with HIV, especially in people with advanced immunosuppression. Its prevalence decreased over time, but management remains difficult especially when the diagnosis is late and there is a visceral involvement. Bone localization, and particularly the vertebral one, is rare.

miR-769-3p inhibits cellular proliferation of KSHV-infected SH-SY5Y cells through targeting mTOR.

The infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is one of the most common causes of death in AIDS patients. Our studies have found that KSHV can infect SH-SY5Y cells (named SK-RG) and mTOR was up-regulated, which results in remarkable enhancement of cell proliferation, migration. But the regulatory role of mTOR in KSHV infected neurons has not yet been fully elucidated.

Iatrogenic Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Unique Case Unraveling Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Therapeutic Implications.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), linked to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), manifests in various clinical forms with iatrogenic KS uniquely tied to immune dysregulation induced by medical interventions. This study describes a 58-year-old male of sub-Saharan origin with a medical history of segmental and focal hyalinosis treated with methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. The patient developed skin lesions on both thighs, accompanied by post-prandial vomiting and abdominal pain.

Surgical Treatment for Benign Lymphangioendothelioma After Two Incomplete Excisions: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Benign lymphangioendothelioma (BL) is a rare, poorly identified, slow-growing benign vascular lesion characterized by asymptomatic, solitary, well-demarcated macules, or by mildly infiltrated plaque. We report a case of an atypical BL that arose as a tender, protuberant, flesh-colored mass with cyanotic vesicles, and then progressed to a persistent exudative wound after two incomplete excisions. The patient was also diagnosed with thoracic duct narrowing.

Second Primary Cancer Among Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Following the Chernobyl Disaster.

Importance: To our knowledge, there are no complete population-based studies of the risks of developing second malignant tumors after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

Objective: To study the risk of second primary cancers in patients with PTC after the Chernobyl disaster.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the Republic of Belarus over a 31-year time frame evaluating patients with primary PTC and second malignant tumors.

Fine-Needle Aspiration of Sarcomas Metastatic to Lymph Nodes: A Cytomorphologic Study over a 10-Year Period.

Introduction: Metastasis of sarcomas to lymph nodes is an uncommon event in its natural history. We aimed to present our experience with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of metastatic sarcomas to lymph nodes over a 10-year period.

Material And Methods: The cytopathology archives were searched for FNA of lymph nodes involved by metastatic sarcomas.

PRAME immunohistochemistry in soft tissue tumors and mimics: a study of 350 cases highlighting its imperfect specificity but potentially useful diagnostic applications.

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemistry is currently used in pathology for the assessment of melanocytic neoplasms; however, knowledge of its expression patterns in soft tissue tumors is limited. PRAME immunohistochemistry (clone QR005) was assessed on whole tissue sections of 350 soft-tissue tumors and mimics (> 50 histotypes). PRAME immunoreactivity was evaluated as follows: 0 "negative" (0% positive cells); 1+ (1-25% positive cells); 2+ (26-50% positive cells); 3+ (51-75% positive cells), and 4+ "diffuse" (> 75% positive cells).

Unicentric Castleman's Disease Presenting As Back Pain.

 is a rare disorder caused by a polyclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Half of all cases of multicentric Castleman's disease are associated with HIV or Kaposi's Sarcoma. Typically, unicentric Castleman's disease presents as an enlarged thoracic lymph node but can present in multiple other body areas, such as the head and neck.

miR-34a-5p inhibits the malignant progression of KSHV-infected SH-SY5Y cells by targeting c-fos.

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of miR-34a-5p on c-fos regulation mediating the malignant behaviors of SH-SY5Y cells infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).

Methods: The KSHV-infected (SK-RG) and uninfected SH-SY5Y parent cells were compared for differentially expressed miRNAs using transcriptome sequencing. Then miR-34a-5p was upregulated in SK-RG cells by the miRNA mimics transfection.

Current Status of Malignant Tumors after Organ Transplantation.

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with concomitant malignant tumors after organ transplantation by compiling data from organ transplantation patients.

Methods: By searching CNKI and PubMed databases, we made a systematic analysis of the studies of postorgan transplantation complicating malignant tumors in the last decade.

Results: There were 10 articles on malignant tumors after renal transplantation, 8 articles on liver transplantation, 2 articles on heart transplantation, and 1 article on lung transplantation.

Type B thymoma in a patient with HIV infection: A case report with a review of HIV and thymoma coexistence.

HIV infection predisposes people to cancer, including AIDS-defining cancers, such as Kaposi sarcoma, and a broad range of non-AIDS-defining cancers. Here we report a case with rare coexistence of HIV and thymoma, and summarize all the comorbid cases that currently exist. We found that in all the cases reported, thymoma occurred when CD4+ counts were within a normal range, but the immune response in peripheral T-cell repertoire remains unknown.

Trends in Kaposi's Sarcoma Morbidity: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients.

Data on post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma in heart and lung transplant recipients are sparse. This study examined the incidence of biopsy-proven post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma in thoracic organ recipients over a period of 20 years. As mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors were introduced in 2006 as optional maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, the overall results were analysed and stratified into 2 groups: 1996 to 2005 and 2006 to 2016.

Diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA and its interrelation with PET-CT in patients with extra-thoracic malignancies.

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a well-established diagnostic tool for lung cancer, sarcoidosis, and suspected metastatic extra-thoracic malignancy (ETM). Patients with primary ETM often have hypermetabolic mediastinal/hilar lymph node enlargement in the PET-scan done for initial staging or post treatment followup. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA and the relationship between PET-SUV values and diagnosis of malignancy metastasis in patients with ETM.

Primary Intrathoracic Sarcomas: A Review of Cross-sectional Imaging and Pathology.

The most common sarcomas in the thorax are metastasis from an extrathoracic primary malignancy. Primary intrathoracic sarcomas are rare albeit aggressive malignancies that are diagnosed on histopathology. Although a few imaging characteristics have been described that are common to sarcomas, it is still a diagnosis of exclusion as other tumors are much more common.

Vascular tumors of the mediastinum.

Vascular tumors represent only a sliver of all tumors affecting the mediastinum, but they pose diagnostic challenges due to significant overlap among entities, ever-evolving classification schemes, and the exquisite rarity of some of the entities not only in the mediastinum but in pathology practice as a whole. Most of the vascular tumors are better known to the practice of soft tissue pathology, from which some of the knowledge of clinical behavior can be extrapolated. For example, the stratification of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) into two biologically separate categories has effectively translated from the somatic soft tissues to the thorax.

Rapidly Progressive Pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma After Bilateral Sequential Lung Transplant: A Case Report.

Skin cancers are among the rarely seen complications after solid-organ transplant. Kaposi sarcoma invasion to an allograft is an uncommon condition. In this study, we present a case of Kaposi sarcoma in a 58-year-old patient diagnosed at 8 months after bilateral sequential lung transplant due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma - (epi)genetic analysis including genome-wide methylation profiling.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a locally aggressive vascular condition of childhood and is clinicopathologically related to tufted angioma (TA), a benign skin lesion. Due to their rarity molecular data are scarce. We investigated 7 KHE and 3 TA by comprehensive mutational analysis and genome-wide methylation profiling and compared the clustering, also with vascular malformations.