Frequencies of 4 Distinct Patterns of Glaucomatous Disc Appearance and Their Clinical Associations in Japanese Population-based Studies.

Purpose: To study the frequencies and factors associated with 4 disc patterns in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) identified in population-based studies: focal glaucomatous (FG type), generalized enlargement of cup (GE type), myopic glaucomatous (MG type), and senile sclerotic glaucomatous (SS type) patterns.

Subjects: In total, 270 disc photographs of acceptable quality were extracted from the records of 270 definitive POAG cases diagnosed according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Criteria in 2 Japanese population-based glaucoma surveys. One randomly chosen eye from the bilateral POAG cases was included.

Tuberculous Addison's disease with increased hydrocortisone requirements due to administration of rifampicin.

A 58-year-old man was referred to our hospital for darkened skin, general fatigue and weight loss. His adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels indicated a primary adrenal insufficiency. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT showed bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands, with fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation.

Long-term Side Effects Including Blepharitis Leading to Discontinuation of Ripasudil.

Precis: Blepharitis was the most common side effect leading to discontinuation of ripasudil therapy. Prior allergic reactions to other topical glaucoma were found to be a risk factor for ripasudil-induced blepharitis.

Purpose: To report the incidence proportion of blepharitis and its relating factors due to long-term use of 0.

Factors Associated with Progression of Japanese Open-Angle Glaucoma with Lower Normal Intraocular Pressure.

Purpose: To characterize the natural history and define the risk factors associated with the progression of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in Japanese patients who were followed up closely without treatment.

Design: Prospective 5-year study.

Participants: Patients with NTG with intraocular pressure (IOP) consistently ≤15 mmHg without treatment at baseline.

Differences in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness as Assessed on the Disc Center and Bruch's Membrane Opening Center in Myopic Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the difference in circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) assessed on the conventional, clinically identified optic disc center and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) center in myopic eyes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: One hundred nine eyes of 109 healthy myopic subjects with axial length of 24 mm or more.

Refractive errors in an elderly rural Japanese population: The Kumejima study.

The prevalence of refractive errors, which closely relates to visual function difficulties, several ocular disorders, and decreased quality of life, varies among countries and populations. One of the highest prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < -0.5 diopters [D], 41.

Diurnal and 24-h Intraocular Pressures in Glaucoma: Monitoring Strategies and Impact on Prognosis and Treatment.

The present review casts a critical eye on intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring and its value in current and future glaucoma care. Crucially, IOP is not fixed, but varies considerably during the 24-h cycle and between one visit and another. Consequently, a single IOP measurement during so-called office hours is insufficient to characterize the real IOP pathology of a patient with glaucoma.

Using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning to Accurately Diagnose Early-Onset Glaucoma From Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Images.

Purpose: We sought to construct and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to diagnose early glaucoma from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Design: Artificial intelligence diagnostic tool development, evaluation, and comparison.

Methods: This multi-institution study included pretraining data of 4316 OCT images (RS3000) from 1371 eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) regardless of the stage of glaucoma and 193 normal eyes.

A 48-Year-Old Man With Multiple Pulmonary Nodular Opacities and Elevated KL-6 Level.

A 48-year-old man was referred for evaluation of an abnormal chest shadow noted on a routine chest radiograph during physical examination. He was asymptomatic and had no significant medical history and occupational exposure. The patient lived in Tokyo and had no significant travel history.

Optic Disc Margin Anatomic Features in Myopic Eyes with Glaucoma with Spectral-Domain OCT.

Purpose: To investigate optic disc margin anatomic features in myopic eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using spectral-domain (SD) OCT.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Two hundred four eyes of 102 participants with OAG and 106 eyes of 53 participants without glaucoma with axial length of 24 mm or more.

Protruded retinal layers within the optic nerve head neuroretinal rim.

Purpose: To determine the frequency with which retinal tissues other than the nerve fibre layer, hereafter referred to as protruded retinal layers (PRL), are a component of optical coherence tomography (OCT) neuroretinal rim measurements.

Methods: Ninety healthy (30 White, Black and Japanese, respectively) subjects were included in the study. A radial scan pattern (24 B-scans centred on Bruch's membrane opening [BMO]) was used.

Preoperative biliary drainage using a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent for pancreatic head cancer: A prospective feasibility study.

Background/aims: The role of endoscopic preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) for pancreatic head cancer is controversial because of the high incidence of stent occlusion before surgery. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of PBD using a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS).

Patients And Methods: This multicenter prospective study involved 26 patients treated for pancreatic head cancer with distal bile duct obstruction from April 2011 to March 2013.

Beta-peripapillary atrophy of the optic disc and its determinants in Japanese eyes: a population-based study.

Purposes: To assess β-zone of peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) and its relationship between systemic and ocular factors, especially glaucoma, in a Japanese population.

Methods: Fundus photographs obtained from 2129 normal, 84 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 10 primary angle closure glaucoma subjects from 3021 participants aged 40 years or older in the Tajimi Study were analysed planimetrically. If both eyes of a subject met inclusion criteria, one eye was randomly chosen.

Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defect in Myopic Eyes With Nonprogressive Glaucomatous Visual Field Defect.

Purpose: To investigate focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defect that spatially correspond to the nonprogressive glaucomatous visual field defect (VFD) in myopic subjects.

Design: Case-control study.

Subjects: We included 159 myopic eyes with glaucomatous VFD under treatment and followed up for 7 years.

The effect of concentric constriction of the visual field to 10 and 15 degrees on simulated motor vehicle accidents.

Purpose: Traffic accidents are associated with the visual function of drivers, as well as many other factors. Driving simulator systems have the advantage of controlling for traffic- and automobile-related conditions, and using pinhole glasses can control the degree of concentric concentration of the visual field. We evaluated the effect of concentric constriction of the visual field on automobile driving, using driving simulator tests.

Genome-wide association study identifies seven novel susceptibility loci for primary open-angle glaucoma.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide for which 15 disease-associated loci had been discovered. Among them, only 5 loci have been associated with POAG in Asians. We carried out a genome-wide association study and a replication study that included a total of 7378 POAG cases and 36 385 controls from a Japanese population.

Genetic analysis of Japanese primary open-angle glaucoma patients and clinical characterization of risk alleles near CDKN2B-AS1, SIX6 and GAS7.

Purpose: To test the genetic association between Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and the previously reported POAG susceptibility loci and to perform genotype-phenotype analysis.

Methods: Genetic associations for 27 SNPs from 16 loci previously linked to POAG were assessed using genome-wide SNP data of the primary cohort (565 Japanese POAG patients and 1,104 controls). Reproducibility of the assessment was tested in 607 POAG cases and 455 controls (second cohort) with a targeted genotyping approach.

Prevalence and factors associated with age-related macular degeneration in a southwestern island population of Japan: the Kumejima Study.

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a rural population of southwestern Japan.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study of all residents aged 40 years or older was conducted on the island of Kumejima, Okinawa, Japan. Of 4632 eligible residents, 3762 completed a comprehensive questionnaire and underwent ocular examination (participant rate, 81.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Upfront Weekly Nanoparticle Albumin-bound Paclitaxel for HER2-negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Taxanes are among the key drugs for breast cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of upfront weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-PTX; 100 mg/m) for human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients with stage II to IV breast cancer received 12 cycles of weekly 100 mg/m Nab-PTX as first-line treatment.

Genetic Variant Near PLXDC2 Influences the Risk of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma by Increasing Intraocular Pressure in the Japanese Population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the association between the genetic variants that were previously reported to be associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Japanese population and the phenotypic features.

Methods: A total of 661 Japanese patients including 417 patients with POAG [normal tension glaucoma (NTG), n=210; high tension glaucoma (HTG), n=207] and 244 control subjects without glaucoma were analyzed for 3 genetic variants: rs547984 (near gene: ZP4), rs7081455 (PLXDC2), and rs7961953 (TMTC2). The allele frequency differences between POAG (NTG or HTG) patients and control subjects were estimated.

Additive effects of genetic variants associated with intraocular pressure in primary open-angle glaucoma.

To investigate the association between the additive effects of genetic variants associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP, vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), and high tension glaucoma (HTG) or normal tension glaucoma (NTG) as phenotypic features of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the additive effects of IOP-related genetic variants for predicting IOP elevation, Japanese patients with HTG (n = 255) and NTG (n = 261) and 246 control subjects were genotyped for nine IOP-related genetic variants near CAV2, GAS7, GLCCI1/ICA1, ABCA1, ARHGEF12, FAM125B, FNDC3B, ABO, and PTPRJ/AGBL2. The total number of risk alleles of these genetic variants was calculated for each participant as a genetic risk score (GRS), and the association between the GRS and the maximum IOP, mean VCDR, and phenotype (HTG or NTG) of POAG was evaluated. As the GRS increased, the maximum IOP (P = 0.

Determinants and Characteristics of Bruch's Membrane Opening and Bruch's Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width in a Normal Japanese Population.

Purpose: To identify determinants of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) centered on BMO center and characterize these parameters in a normal Japanese population.

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of optic nerve head and circumpapillary and macular retina were obtained in 258 eyes of 258 normal Japanese with mean (standard deviation) age of 51.7 (18.

Morphology of the optic disc in the Tajimi Study population.

Purpose: To assess optic disc morphology and disc-fovea distance (DF)/mean disc diameter (DD) ratio and related factors in Japanese subjects in a population-based setting.

Methods: Digital fundus photographs obtained from 2634 subjects, comprising 87% of 3021 participants aged 40 years or older in the Tajimi Study, a population-based glaucoma survey, were analyzed planimetrically.

Results: The disc size averaged 2.

Multiple Temporal Lamina Cribrosa Defects in Myopic Eyes with Glaucoma and Their Association with Visual Field Defects.

Purpose: To investigate characteristics of lamina cribrosa (LC) defects in myopic eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: One hundred thirty-three eyes with OAG and 83 eyes without OAG, with axial length of 24 mm or more.