Probiotics and eating disorders: a systematic review of humans and animal model studies.

Background: Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that significantly impact physical and mental well-being. Current research suggests a potential link between eating disorders and the gut microbiota, highlighting the role of gut-brain communication and its influence on nutrient absorption. Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, have shown promise in modulating the gut microbiota and may offer complementary interventions in the treatment of eating disorders.

Sensory Issues and Their Impact Among Autistic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Sri Lanka.

Background: Sensory processing issues are among the key diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As altered sensory processing causes autistic children to react differently to sensory experiences and has a profound impact on their development, affecting their learning ability, social interaction, and ability to adapt to a new environment, there is a need to recognize and address these issues in children diagnosed with ASD during assessments and interventions. This study aimed to identify the patterns of sensory issues and their impact, and selected correlates among autistic children attending a center for neurodevelopmental disorders in northern Sri Lanka.

Treatment approaches to horses with acute diarrhea admitted to referral institutions: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: This study aimed to describe and compare therapeutic approaches for horses with acute diarrhea in different geographic regions worldwide.

Methods: Clinical information was retrospectively collected from diarrheic horses presented to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020, including fluid therapy on admission, antimicrobial drugs, probiotics, anti-endotoxic medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, gastroprotectants, digital cryotherapy, and toxin-binding agents. Seasonal and geographic differences were investigated.

Skeletal muscle metabolic characteristics and fresh meat quality defects associated with wooden breast.

Wooden breast (WB) is a myopathy that occurs in pectoralis major (PM) muscles, predominately affecting large, fast-growing broilers. Severe myodegeneration, increased hypoxia, reduced blood flow, and increased collagen deposition are hallmark characteristics of WB that culminate in unsatisfactory fresh meat quality attributes, such as poor water-holding capacity, tenderness, and processing characteristics. Therefore, WB meat is often downgraded resulting in economic losses for the United States poultry industry.

From Block to Shred: Understanding the Factors Influencing Shreddability of Mozzarella Cheese.

Mozzarella cheese (MC) is widely used for pizza applications, and it is generally shredded either in conversion plants or in pizzerias. The shreddability of MC is influenced by a variety of factors and it is critical to understand how different Mozzarella cheese types and storage conditions (temperature and age) affect this property. Three batches each of 3 types of MC (low-moisture Mozzarella (LMM), low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella (LMPS), and reduced fat Mozzarella (RFM)) representing 3 different fat levels were procured directly from a commercial manufacturer and stored at 2 different temperatures (1.

Suitability of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) in the Black Sea basin through the scope of distribution modelling.

The Black Sea basin has a strategic geographic location bridging Asia and Europe and depends on traditional livestock practices for their local economies. Anthrax, a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, poses a significant global threat impacting public health, food security, pastoralist communities, and national economies. The disease is endemic or sporadic in the Black Sea basin, however, the study of its distribution has seldom been addressed, despite its burden and the presence of historical B.

Qualitative Analysis of Intern Applications and its Relationship to Performance.

This study aimed to identify qualitative aspects of small animal veterinary internship applications that are associated with relative intern performance. This study took place with data collected on small animal interns from the 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 intern classes from four different institutions. Applicants were divided into top-performers and bottom-performers by sorting the calculated overall scores from highest to lowest, labeling the top half of interns as "top-performers," and the lower half of interns as "bottom-performers.

Feasibility of ultrasound-guided cervical intervertebral disc injection to aid in intraoperative site identification in dog cadavers.

Objective: To study the feasibility of ultrasound-guided intervertebral disc (IVD) injection of contrast medium and methylene blue to aid in intraoperative identification of cervical IVD spaces in dogs.

Methods: This was a single-center experimental cadaver study using randomly chosen skeletally mature dog cadavers from January 2, 2023, to March 23, 2023. For each cadaver, 1 cervical IVD was randomly selected.

Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Flunixin in Cattle and Swine Following Dermal Exposure.

Flunixin meglumine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Banamine® Transdermal is a pour-on formulation of flunixin approved for pain control in beef and dairy cattle, but not for calves and some classes of dairy cattle or swine. Violative flunixin residues in edible tissues in cattle and swine have been reported and are usually attributed to non-compliant drug use or failure to observe an appropriate withdrawal time.

Effect of lactation feeder design on sow and litter performance, feeder cleaning criteria, and economic return.

A total of 557 mixed parity sows (PIC 1050) were used to evaluate the effect of lactation feeder design on sow farrowing performance, litter growth performance, feeder cleaning criteria, and economics. The experiment was conducted during the summer of 2023 at a commercial sow farm located in northwest Texas. The study used two sequential farrowing groups with approximately 279 sows per group.

State Variation in Medicare Reimbursement for the Top 100 Cardiothoracic Surgery Procedures, 2013-2022.

Objective We analyzed changes in reimbursement rates for cardiothoracic surgery procedures from 2013 to 2022 to identify interstate variance and compare changes in reimbursement between procedural groups. Methods The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services database was analyzed to find the 100 highest-grossing cardiothoracic surgery CPT codes from 2013 to 2022. Medicare Administrative Contractor codes were utilized to identify reimbursement for each state.

Thymidine phosphorylase mediates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhanced thrombosis in K18-hACE2 mice.

Introduction: Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), which facilitates platelet activation and thrombosis, is significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. We hypothesize that TYMP mediates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP)-induced thrombosis.

Materials And Methods: Plasmids encoding wildtype SP or empty vector (p3.

Effect of yeast probiotics in lactation and yeast cell wall prebiotic and Bacillus subtilis probiotic in nursery on lifetime growth performance, immune response, and carcass characteristics.

Twenty-eight mixed-parity sows (Line 241; DNA) and their offspring were used to evaluate live yeast supplementation during lactation with or without a pre/probiotic combination during the nursery period on lactation performance, lifetime growth performance, and immune response. On day 110 of gestation, sows were allotted to a lactation diet with or without a live yeast probiotic (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI).

Exploring genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in strains of human and animal origin from India.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in , the causative agent of brucellosis, is of growing concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the genetic basis of AMR in strains from India.

Methods: Twenty-four isolates from humans and animals were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.

Sensor-Based and Visual Behavioral Profiling of Dry Holstein Cows Presenting Distinct Median Core Body Temperatures.

The consequences of heat stress during the dry period can extend into the postpartum period, affecting health and productivity in the subsequent lactation. We hypothesized that cows with distinct core body temperatures (CBTs) would exhibit disparate behaviors associated with different degrees of heat generation or dissipation. The primary objective was to investigate behavioral differences of dry Holstein cows ( = 50) classified as high-temperature (HT) or low-temperature (LT), based on median CBT during the summer months using visual observations and accelerometer technology.

Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on the Performance of Calves Fed Milk Replacer.

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the direct precursor to creatine, which serves as an energy reserve mechanism in the body. We evaluated the effects of GAA supplementation on the growth performance of calves fed milk replacer. Forty-five Holstein-Angus steer calves (40.

Abbreviated fixed-interval interventions promote self-control in rats.

Impulsive choice, defined as choices of a smaller-sooner reward over a larger-later reward, can be reduced by time-based interventions that expose rats to delayed rewards. These interventions improve temporal processing concurrent with reducing impulsive choice. Exposure to delayed reinforcement has produced improvements in self-control after 30 sessions of intervention exposure (Renda et al.

Adjuvant Use of the Invariant-Natural-Killer-T-Cell Agonist α-Galactosylceramide Leads to Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Influenza-Vaccinated Pigs.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are glycolipid-reactive T cells with potent immunoregulatory properties. iNKT cells activated with the marine-sponge-derived glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), provide a universal source of T-cell help that has shown considerable promise for a wide array of therapeutic applications. This includes harnessing iNKT-cell-mediated immune responses to adjuvant whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccines.

A kalihinol analog disrupts apicoplast function and vesicular trafficking in malaria.

We report the discovery of MED6-189, an analog of the kalihinol family of isocyanoterpene natural products that is effective against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains, blocking both asexual replication and sexual differentiation. In vivo studies using a humanized mouse model of malaria confirm strong efficacy of the compound in animals with no apparent hemolytic activity or toxicity. Complementary chemical, molecular, and genomics analyses revealed that MED6-189 targets the parasite apicoplast and acts by inhibiting lipid biogenesis and cellular trafficking.