Distinct molecular and clinical features of specific variants of KRAS codon 12 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE Oncogenic mutations in KRAS have been identified in > 85% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. G12D, G12V, and G12R are the most frequent variants. Using large clinical and genomic databases, this study characterizes prognostic and molecular differences between KRAS variants, focusing on KRAS G12D and G12R.

The mechanism of amyloid fibril growth from Φ-value analysis.

Amyloid fibrils are highly stable misfolded protein assemblies that play an important role in several neurodegenerative and systemic diseases. Although structural information of the amyloid state is now abundant, mechanistic details about the misfolding process remain elusive. Inspired by the Φ-value analysis of protein folding, we combined experiments and molecular simulations to resolve amino-acid contacts and determine the structure of the transition-state ensemble-the rate-limiting step-for fibril elongation of PI3K-SH3 amyloid fibrils.

Skin cancer treatment environment and survivorship resources among sexual and gender minority patients: results of the OUT National Cancer Survey.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors face unmet care needs in accessing cancer health information and social support despite high satisfaction with treatment. SGM patients often delay care due to concerns of discrimination in healthcare settings, though the care experiences of SGM skin cancer survivors are less known. SGM individuals, particularly sexual minority men, report higher skin cancer prevalence and related risk behaviors than heterosexual men.

Doxorubicin treatment has a biphasic effect over time on dopamine release and impulsive behavior in Wistar rats.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy agent commonly used to treat multiple types of cancers and is associated with cognitive impairment. The goal of this work was to determine the effect of Dox treatment on dopamine release and uptake and behavior in rats. Rats received one dose per week of Dox (2.

Investigation of a targeted panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: The gut-kidney axis is implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) morbidity. We describe how a panel of gut microbiome-derived toxins relates to kidney function and neurocognitive outcomes in children with CKD, consisting of indoleacetate, 3-indoxylsulfate, p-cresol glucuronide, p-cresol sulfate, and phenylacetylglutamine.

Methods: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort is a North American multicenter prospective cohort that enrolled children aged 6 months to 16 years with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-89 ml/min/1.

Correction: Disaster Preparedness Intervention for Older Adults (Seniors' Positive Involvement in Community Emergencies): Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/58895.].

Explanatory capacity of measures of community context for paediatric injury hospitalisations in the USA.

Objective: Community context influences children's risk for injury. We aimed to measure the explanatory capacity of two ZIP code-level measures-the Child Opportunity Index V.3.

Decoding the blueprint of receptor binding by filoviruses through large-scale binding assays and machine learning.

Evidence suggests that bats are important hosts of filoviruses, yet the specific species involved remain largely unidentified. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) is an essential entry receptor, with amino acid variations influencing viral susceptibility and species-specific tropism. Herein, we conducted combinatorial binding studies with seven filovirus glycoproteins (GPs) and NPC1 orthologs from 81 bat species.

Ion-Ion Association in Bulk Mixed Electrolytes Using Global and Local Electroneutrality Constraints.

Ion atmospheres play a critical role in modulating the interactions between charged components in solutions. However, a detailed description of the nature of ion atmospheres remains elusive. Here, we use Kirkwood-Buff theory, an exact theory of solution mixtures, together with a series of local and bulk electroneutrality constraints to provide relationships between all the net ion-ion distributions in bulk electrolyte mixtures.

Farm Progress Show Attendees' Use, Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Off-Road Vehicles on Public Roads.

Most deaths due to all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and utility task vehicles (UTVs) occur on public roads, despite manufacturers' warnings that they are not designed for roadway use. Our study objective was to determine rural residents' use, knowledge, and attitudes regarding ATVs/UTVs on public roads. A convenience sample of 2022 Farm Progress Show attendees were surveyed ( = 361).

Nationwide trends and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for stable ischemic heart disease in end-stage kidney disease: a longitudinal study.

Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at high risk for coronary artery disease. We investigate the trends and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) in patients with ESKD.

Methods: We utilized the United States Renal Data System [2010-2018] to include adult patients with ESKD on dialysis for at least 3 months who underwent PCI for SIHD.

Cemdomespib Therapy Slows the Progression of Neuromuscular Weakness and Demyelination in the R75W-Connexin 32 Animal Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1X Disease.

Mutations in connexin 32 (Cx32) are a common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1X (CMT1X) disease, an inherited peripheral neuropathy characterized by progressive neuromuscular weakness and demyelination. There are no approved pharmacologic therapies for CMT1X, and identifying new treatments that slow the onset and severity of neuromuscular decline may aid disease management. Cemdomespib is an orally bioavailable small molecule that improved demyelination and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology in mice lacking Cx32 expression.

Morphological and functional convergence of visual projection neurons from diverse neurogenic origins in Drosophila.

The Drosophila visual system is a powerful model to study the development of neural circuits. Lobula columnar neurons-LCNs are visual output neurons that encode visual features relevant to natural behavior. There are ~20 classes of LCNs forming non-overlapping synaptic optic glomeruli in the brain.

Blood Culture Use in Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units and Wards.

Importance: Blood culture (BC) use benchmarks in US hospitals have not been defined.

Objective: To characterize BC use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) and wards in US hospitals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cross-sectional study of BC use in adult medical ICUs, medical-surgical ICUs, medical wards, and medical-surgical wards from acute care hospitals from the 4 US geographic regions was conducted.

Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.

Yip1 interacting factor homolog B mediates the unconventional secretion of ORF8 during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with immune responses that lead to a surge in inflammatory molecules, resulting in multi-organ failure and death. This significant increase in inflammatory factors is triggered by viral proteins. Open reading frame 8 (ORF8) has received particular attention as a unique accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2.

The impact of highly effective modulator therapy on sinusitis and dysosmia in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective study protocol.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are prevalent disease complications in people with cystic fibrosis. These understudied comorbidities significantly impact quality of life. The impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in young children with cystic fibrosis (YCwCF) on these disease complications is unknown.

Thermal Conductivity of Liquid -1,2-Dichloroethene (R-1130(E)): Measurement and Modeling.

The thermal conductivity of liquid -1,2-dichloroethene (R-1130(E)) was measured at temperatures ranging from 240 K to 340 K and pressures up to 25 MPa using a transient hot-wire instrument. A total of 447 thermal conductivity data points were measured along six isotherms. Each isotherm includes data at nine pressures, which were chosen to be at equal density increments starting at a pressure of 0.

A scoping review of the reporting quality of reviews of commercially and publicly available mobile health apps.

Objectives: There is no guidance to support the reporting of systematic reviews of mobile health (mhealth) apps (app reviews), so authors attempt to use/modify the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). There is a need for reporting guidance, building on PRISMA where appropriate, tailored to app reviews. The objectives were to describe the reporting quality of published mHealth app reviews, identify the need for, and develop potential candidate items for a reporting guideline.

A combination treatment with a water extract from Euglena gracilis and anti-PD-1 antibody strongly inhibits growth of lung cancer in mice through stimulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Here, we investigated the relationship between the attenuation of lung cancer growth due to oral administration of Euglena gracilis water extract (EWE) and T cell stimulation. Orally administered EWE was revealed to increase PD-1 and PD-L1 mRNA and proteins primarily in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which was correlated with a significant decrease in the tumor weights in mice. A combination treatment with EWE and anti-PD-1 antibody significantly decreased the growth of murine lung tumors more than treatment with either alone by increasing the number of TILs and attenuating T cell exhaustion.

Cognitive impairment caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis is prevented by endurance exercise.

Extensive research has demonstrated endurance exercise to be neuroprotective. Whether these neuroprotective benefits are mediated, in part, by hepatic ketone production remains unclear. To investigate the role of hepatic ketone production on brain health during exercise, healthy 6-month-old female rats underwent viral knockdown of the rate-limiting enzyme in the liver that catalyses the first reaction in ketogenesis: 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2).

De novo root regeneration from leaf explant: a mechanistic review of key factors behind cell fate transition.

De novo root regeneration (DNRR) involves activation of special cells after wounding, along with the converter cells, reactive oxygen species, ethylene, and jasmonic acid, also playing key roles. An updated DNRR model is presented here with gene regulatory networks. Root formation after tissue injury is a type of plant regeneration known as de novo root regeneration (DNRR).