Characteristics of Analgesic Patch Formulations.

Topical and transdermal formulations are a common means of pharmaceutical drug delivery. If a drug is able to penetrate transcutaneously, the skin is an ideal site for the delivery of medications for both local (topical) and systemic (transdermal) effects. The administration of analgesics through the skin poses several potential advantages to those administered orally including compliance, the ability to deliver a drug to a peripheral target site and more stable and sustained plasma levels.

Etiology and Comorbidity Diagnoses Effect on Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Introduction Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is now the first-line approach to treating choledocholithiasis. As a minimally invasive procedure, it is considered relatively safe but still entails a higher risk than other routine endoscopic procedures. This study aims to look at possible patient etiologies and comorbidities that may affect patient outcomes.

Addressing immediate public coronavirus (COVID-19) concerns through social media: Utilizing Reddit's AMA as a framework for Public Engagement with Science.

COVID-19 has highlighted an opportunity for medical professionals to engage in online Public Engagement with Science (PES). Currently a popular platform for PES is Reddit. Reddit provides an Ask Me Anything (AMA) format for subject matter experts to answer questions asked by the public.

Impending central retinal vein occlusion in patient with idiopathic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

Purpose: To report a case of impending central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) associated with idiopathic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) that demonstrated significant resolution following treatment with intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone.

Observations: A 27-year-old man presented to a tertiary Uveitis Clinic with a five-day history of blurry vision in the right eye (OD). He had a history of a purpuric rash and arthralgias five years ago and a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of LCV controlled with colchicine two years ago in India.

Viscoelastic Properties of ECM-Rich Embryonic Microenvironments.

The material properties of tissues and their mechanical state is an important factor in development, disease, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here we describe a microrheological measurement technique utilizing aggregates of microinjected ferromagnetic nickel particles to probe the viscoelastic properties of embryonic tissues. Quail embryos were cultured in a plastic incubator chamber located at the center of two pairs of crossed electromagnets.

Chronic Rhinotillexomania Leading to Multiple Infectious Sequelae in a 66-Year-Old Female.

Rhinotillexomania, more commonly known as nose-picking, is a body-focused repetitive behavior that involves compulsive picking of the nares. While nose-picking in general is a common and largely unharmful practice worldwide, severe complications from chronic nose-picking do exist. This case highlights a 66-year-old female with a longstanding history of nose-picking and nose blowing who presented to the emergency department with acute delirium and various bodily complaints.

Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) are two anti-malarial drugs that are now being extensively used by front-line healthcare workers and other common people as a prophylactic drug against the Corona Virus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) in India and as well as in many parts of the world. While only a few in vitro studies have pointed to some efficacy of these drugs as a prophylactic against COVID-19, to date, there are no clinical studies that have established any clinical efficacy of these drugs as a prophylactic. These drugs are commonly used for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) because of its immunomodulatory effects.

Is World Malaria Day an effective awareness campaign? An evaluation of public interest in malaria during World Malaria Day.

Objective: We retrospectively analysed the relative search interest of malaria to (1) assess the relationship between Internet searches for malaria and rates of infection in 11 countries considered 'high burden' by WHO in 2019 and to (2) determine the ability of World Malaria Day on April 25 to generate interest in the disease.

Methods: Using Google Trends, we sought to determine the relative popularity of the topic of Malaria over 4 years (2015-2019). Worldwide and country-specific searches for 'malaria' were used to assess the influence the international awareness day has on global and local interest in malaria.

Neuroapraxia and early complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with glenoid bone grafting.

Background: Bone grafting during primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a technique used to restore poor glenoid bone, increase lateralization, and restore abnormal inclination or version. The purpose of this article is to analyze early outcomes of bone grafting during RSA, assessing the influence of technical and patient considerations.

Methods: In a 4.

Medical students' personal experiences, religion, and spirituality explain their (dis)comfort with a patient's religious needs.

Background: Physicians often avoid discussing patients' religious and spiritual concerns, even though most patients (i.e., 50-94%) want integrated care.

Anatomic Variations From 120 Mental Nerve Dissections: Lessons for Transoral Thyroidectomy.

Background: Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a promising technique for eliminating a neck incision. A new risk of TOETVA is the potential for injury to the mental nerves during placement of three oral endoscopic ports. A better understanding of the variations in mental nerve anatomy is needed to inform safer TOETVA technique.

An evaluation of the practice of transparency and reproducibility in addiction medicine literature.

Background: Credible research emphasizes transparency, openness, and reproducibility. These characteristics are fundamental to promoting and maintaining research integrity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of reproducibility in the field of addiction science.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of , , and Isolated from Mastitic Dairy Cattle in Ukraine.

Bovine mastitis is the predominant cause for antimicrobial use on dairy farms and is a major source of economic losses in the dairy industry. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of common mastitis-causing pathogens, ( = 62), ( = 46), and ( = 129), were determined for dairy cattle with mastitis across 142 Ukrainian farms. The results showed that there were more gentamicin resistant isolates (16.

Evaluation of reproducible and transparent research practices in pulmonology.

Background: Study reproducibility is valuable for validating or refuting results. Provision of reproducibility indicators, such as materials, protocols, and raw data in a study improve its potential for reproduction. Efforts to reproduce noteworthy studies in the biomedical sciences have resulted in an overwhelming majority of them being found to be unreplicable, causing concern for the integrity of research in other fields, including medical specialties.

Yet another case of ocular sarcoidosis.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral pan-uveitis resembling fungal and viral endophthalmitis in a patient who was ultimately diagnosed with sarcoidosis.

Observation: A 64-year-old female presented with a four-day history of painless vision loss in the right eye. She presented with multiple concurrent systemic complaints, including a history of oral and genital sores, patches of hypopigmented skin on her forearms, and occasional shortness of breath.

Physical Activity in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights from the PORTRAIT Registry.

Objective: A physically active lifestyle reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and functional impairment in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). There are limited data on the patterns of physical activity in patients with PAD compared between countries.

Methods: Self reported physical activity (sedentary vs.

Sucrase Breath Testing in Children Presenting With Chronic Abdominal Pain.

Sucrase deficiency has been implicated in chronic abdominal pain. Testing for sucrase deficiency generally involves invasive procedures or lengthy clinical visits, but now noninvasive kits that allow home testing are available to test for sucrase deficiency. In order to assess feasibility and utility of at-home testing, we reviewed our experience in 75 consecutive patients.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the setting of a myasthenic crisis.

Background: Myasthenic crisis is characterized by severe weakness in bulbar and respiratory muscles leading to respiratory failure and can be a natural result of myasthenia gravis or precipitate due to infections, surgeries, and pregnancy. It has been shown that stressful emotional events can lead to stress, or takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient reversible left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of obstructive artery disease with hypo- or akinesis of the apex with hypercontractility of the base.

Availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has put an excessive strain on healthcare systems across the globe, causing a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is a precious commodity for health personnel to protect them against infections. We investigated the availability of PPE among doctors in the United States (US) and Pakistan.

Full-length transcriptome sequencing and modular organization analysis of oleanolic acid- and dammarane-type saponins related gene expression patterns in Panax japonicus.

The saponins found in Panax japonicus, a traditional medicinal herb in Asia, exhibit high degrees of structural and functional similarity. In this study, metabolite analysis revealed that oleanolic acid-type and dammarane-type saponins were distributed unevenly in three tissues (rhizome_Y, rhizome_O, and secRoot) of P. japonicus.

Migrating pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule.

Pseudolipomas of Glisson's capsule are rare benign subcapsular liver lesions that typically affect older men. They are composed of degenerating fat that is thought to originate from a detached epiploic appendage. On Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging, pseudolipomas of Glisson's capsule are well-circumscribed and hypoattenuating compared to the hepatic parenchyma.