Mapping a Danger Zone of the Dorsal Nerve of the Clitoris: Implications in Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery.

Background: The literature regarding the route of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris is sparse and lacks surgical focus. With an increasing number of procedures being performed on the labia, it is important to elucidate the route and note any variation from normal of the nerve.

Methods: Fifty-one cadavers were dissected to yield 97 dorsal nerve of the clitoris samples.

Incidental Finding of Gallbladder Torsion During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common general surgery procedure, with over a million laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in the United States annually. A rare presentation, which may be encountered incidentally during surgery, is torsion of the gallbladder. Gallbladder torsion is encountered in 0.

MG53 Preserves Neuromuscular Junction Integrity and Alleviates ALS Disease Progression.

Respiratory failure from progressive respiratory muscle weakness is the most common cause of death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Defects in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and progressive NMJ loss occur at early stages, thus stabilizing and preserving NMJs represents a potential therapeutic strategy to slow ALS disease progression. Here we demonstrate that NMJ damage is repaired by MG53, an intrinsic muscle protein involved in plasma membrane repair.

Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases: A Systematic Review.

Background: Combined treatment modality of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is emerging as an alternative option for colorectal peritoneal metastases, but there is ambiguity regarding patient selection, treatment protocols, and efficacy.

Objective: To elaborate on the patient characteristics, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocol and health outcomes in colorectal peritoneal metastases patients undergoing a combination of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery and provide guidance for future studies.

Data Sources: A Medline search for English language studies published between 2004 and 2019.

Evaluation of Industry Relationships Among Authors of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Regarding Ménières Disease.

Objectives: To quantify the presence of conflicts of interest (COI) in SRs and MAs of Ménières disease treatment and identify any related secondary characteristics of these articles.

Methods: A search was conducted on May 28, 2020 to search MEDLINE and Embase databases for SRs or MAs pertaining to Ménières disease published between September 1, 2016 and June 2, 2020. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment criteria.

No difference in clinical and radiological outcomes following fixation of transverse patella fractures with either suture tape or metallic cerclage: A retrospective comparative study.

Introduction: Several surgical techniques have been proposed for the treatment of patellar fractures. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy and complication rates of treatment using suture tape circumferential cerclage (STCC) and metallic wire circumferential cerclage (MWCC) for the surgical treatment of displaced transverse patellar fractures (TPFs).

Hypothesis: The hypothesis is that the use of the suture tape would be associated with a significantly lower rate of re-operation than metallic cerclage but no differences in other clinical outcomes.

Applications and Advancements of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology: An Update.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is an RNA-guided DNA targeting platform widely known for its application in genome editing. Originally derived from the bacterial and archaebacterial defense mechanism against phage infection, it has since been studied and utilized for its potential as a genetic engineering tool and as a therapeutic agent. The Cas9 protein in its standard form induces double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in the target dsDNA sequence; however, modifications of the Cas9 protein have allowed for single-stranded breaks (SSBs) and even epigenetic modifications of gene expression.

Rumination Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Mini Review.

Rumination syndrome involves recurrent regurgitation of food and is believed to be underdiagnosed with patients experiencing long delays in diagnosis. It can be associated with significant social consequences, high rates of school absenteeism, and medical complications such as weight loss. The primary aims of the current review are to assess the literature regarding prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment outcomes with a focus on neurotypical children and adolescents.

The HistoHustle: Supplemental Histology Sessions to Enrich Student Learning and Self-Efficacy.

Anatomical education has minimal reports describing the creation and usage of supplemental resources for content review. The HistoHustle was developed to increase student engagement and retention of histology content in our curriculum. Qualitative feedback suggests that it has great benefit to student perception of their success and content integration.

Conflicts of Interest Among Authors of Systematic Reviews Regarding the Management of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain with Opioids Analgesics.

Objective: We sought to determine whether author conflict of interest (disclosed or undisclosed) or industry sponsorship influenced the favorability of reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the use of opioid analgesics for the management of chronic non-cancer pain.

Methods: Our search included the MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) databases. Study sponsorship was determined using the funding statement provided in each systematic review.

Association between industry sponsorship and author conflicts of interest with outcomes of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventions for opioid use disorder.

Introduction: Author conflicts of interest (COI) and industry sponsorship may lead to biased research results and conclusions. Considering the direct influence that systematic reviews have on patient care, including the management of patients being treated for opioid use disorders (OUD), these studies should be free of industry bias. Thus, we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between COI and the favorability of systematic review outcomes using a sample of systematic reviews regarding OUD interventions.

Predictors of Pneumonitis After Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Multiple factors influence the risk of developing pneumonitis after radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer, but few resources exist to guide clinicians in predicting risk in an individual patient treated with modern techniques. We analyzed toxicity data from a state-wide consortium to develop an integrated pneumonitis risk model.

Methods And Materials: All patients (N = 1302) received conventionally fractionated RT for stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer between April 2012 and July 2019.

Spin Infrequently Occurs in Abstracts of Systematic Reviews For The Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aims: Currently, there is a growing body of research demonstrating that spin - the misinterpretation and distortion of a study's findings - is common in different fields of medicine. To our knowledge, no study has investigated its presence in systematic reviews focused on diabetic therapies.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study by searching MEDLINE and Embase for systematic reviews focused on pharmacologic treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Evaluating spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on cannabis use disorder.

Clinicians rely upon abstracts to provide them quick synopses of research findings that may apply to their practice. Spin can exist within these abstracts that distorts or misrepresents the findings. Our goal was to evaluate the level of spin within systematic reviews (SRs) focused on the treatment of cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Intervention Reporting of Published Trials Is Insufficient in Orthopaedic Surgery Journals: Application of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication Checklist.

Purpose: Outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been shown to influence clinical decision making. Thus, the quality and reliability of these outcomes are essential for both patients and medical care providers. To date, no study has assessed the quality of intervention reporting of RCTs in orthopaedics.

Association between author conflicts of interest and industry-sponsorship with the favorability of outcomes of systematic reviews focusing on treatments of erectile dysfunction.

Background: Authors' conflicts of interest and industry sponsorship have been shown to influence study outcomes.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether author conflicts of interest and industry sponsorship influenced the nature of results and conclusions of systematic reviews focusing on treatment interventions for erectile dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for systematic reviews and meta-analyses focusing on erectile dysfunction treatments published between September 1, 2016, and June 2, 2020.

National Trends for Peripheral Artery Disease and End Stage Renal Disease From the National Inpatient Sample Database.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), and subsequent chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), are frequently encountered among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Their coexistence is less favorable in comparison to patients with ESRD alone. We sought to investigate trends, comorbidities, determinants for cost, and prognostic outcomes in patients with concomitant ESRD and PAD.

Neuropathic Corneal Pain Following LASIK Surgery: A Retrospective Case Series.

Introduction: Transient dry eye symptoms have been reported following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Very rarely, patients may present with debilitating symptoms of dry eye syndrome (DES) with limited or no evidence of ocular surface disease. These patients are diagnosed with a form of DES known as neuropathic corneal pain (NCP).

Voluntary Wheel Running Partially Attenuates Early Life Stress-Induced Neuroimmune Measures in the Dura and Evoked Migraine-Like Behaviors in Female Mice.

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that affects three times more women than men and can be triggered by endogenous and exogenous factors. Stress is a common migraine trigger and exposure to early life stress increases the likelihood of developing chronic pain disorders later in life. Here, we used our neonatal maternal separation (NMS) model of early life stress to investigate whether female NMS mice have an increased susceptibility to evoked migraine-like behaviors and the potential therapeutic effect of voluntary wheel running.

Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of amygdala in chronic social defeat stress rats.

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. There is increasing evidence showing that depression is associated with the pathophysiology in amygdala; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.

Method: We established a rat model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and conducted a series of behavior tests to observe behavioral changes.

Conflicts of Interest Among Authors of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Investigating Interventions for Melanoma: Cross-sectional Literature Study.

Background: Previous studies have highlighted the potential influence that industry relationships may have on the outcomes of medical research.

Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of author conflicts of interest (COIs) in systematic reviews focusing on melanoma interventions, as well as to determine whether the presence of these COIs were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting favorable results and conclusions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focusing on interventions for melanoma.