Chemical-guided SHAPE sequencing (cgSHAPE-seq) informs the binding site of RNA-degrading chimeras targeting SARS-CoV-2 5' untranslated region.

One of the hallmarks of RNA viruses is highly structured untranslated regions (UTRs) which are often essential for viral replication, transcription, or translation. In this report, we discovered a series of coumarin derivatives that bind to a four-way RNA helix called SL5 in the 5' UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. To locate the binding site, we developed a sequencing-based method namely cgSHAPE-seq, in which an acylating probe was directed to crosslink with the 2'-OH group of ribose at the binding site to create read-through mutations during reverse transcription.

Treatment of e-cigarette use among hospitalised adolescents and young adults: a protocol for intervention development and evaluation of preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes in a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Hospitalisation represents an opportunity to identify and treat e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Knowledge on how to provide this care is lacking. We aim to fill this gap by developing an e-cigarette use intervention and evaluating preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes among hospitalised AYAs.

Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000-2021: GI Cancer Mortality and Risk Factors.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-third of global cancer mortality, with nearly half being preventable. This study updates the global burden of GI cancers attributed to major risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and metabolic disturbances.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine trends in death and age-standardized death rates related to GI cancers caused by smoking, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 2000 to 2021.

A comparative study of Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma incidence and survival in the United States, 2000-2021.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and melanoma are important contributors to skin cancer mortality in the United States. We evaluated their epidemiology using US cancer registry data. During 2000-2021, 19,444 MCCs and 646,619 melanomas of the skin were diagnosed.

The effects of social loss and isolation on partner odor investigation and dopamine and oxytocin receptor expression in female prairie voles.

In humans, grief is characterized by intense sadness, intrusive thoughts of the deceased, and intense longing for reunion with the deceased. Human fMRI studies show hyperactivity in emotional pain and motivational centers of the brain when an individual is reminded of a deceased attachment figure, but the molecular underpinnings of these changes in activity are unknown. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), which establish lifelong social bonds between breeding pairs, also display distress and motivational shifts during periods of prolonged social loss, providing a model to investigate these behavioral and molecular changes at a mechanistic level.

Categorizing Hospitals by Neonatal and Pediatric Diagnoses Treated.

Background: Traditional classification of children's and nonchildren's hospitals is based on physical structure and branding. We grouped hospitals with the most similar types of pediatric patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 2.

Testing the Recruitment Frequency, Implementation Fidelity, and Feasibility of Outcomes of the Heart Failure Activity Coach Study (HEALTHY): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common and deadly disease, precipitated by physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. Although the 1-year survival rate after the first diagnosis is high, physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with increased mortality and negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL).

Objective: We tested the recruitment frequency, implementation fidelity, and feasibility of outcomes of the Activity Coach app that was developed using an existing mobile health (mHealth) tool, Optilogg, to support older adults with HF to be more physically active and less sedentary.

Taming the Flow with Hyperbranched Polyamides as Melt Modifiers in Polyamide Composites.

Transport equipment manufacturers in the automotive and aerospace industries are focused on developing materials that enhance fuel efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A significant approach is employing lightweight materials like aluminum, magnesium, and polymer-based composites. Polyamide-based composites, particularly nylon 66, as viable alternatives due to their excellent rigidity, chemical resistance, and thermal stability are investigated to address the limitations of traditional thermosetting resins, which are difficult to recycle and have lengthy molding processes that hinder mass production.

Association Between Early Immunosuppression Center Variability and One-Year Outcomes After Pediatric Liver Transplant.

Background: Despite the existence of institutional protocols, liver transplant centers often have variability in early immunosuppression practices. We aimed to measure within-center variability in early immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplant (LT) and examine its association with one-year outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed pediatric LTs from 2013 to 2018 in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, with data aggregated by center.

Relapsed Multiple Myeloma in the Gastrointestinal Tract With Aberrant Expression of CD3: A Case Report.

This report describes a rare case of relapsed multiple myeloma in the gastrointestinal tract with aberrant CD3 expression. Upon admission for acute renal failure, the patient had abnormal computed tomography scan findings of the abdomen and pelvis. Subsequent colonoscopy found numerous polyps and masses.

Bayesian item response theory to estimate power in clinical trials with patient-reported outcomes as endpoints.

Purpose: Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) are widely used in clinical trials, epidemiological research, quality of life (QOL) studies, routine clinical care, and medical surveillance. The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a system of reliable and standardized measures of PROs developed with Item Response Theory (IRT) using latent scores. Power estimation is critical to clinical trials and research designs.

Measurable residual disease and posttransplantation gilteritinib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.

BMT CTN 1506 ("MORPHO"; NCT02997202) was a randomized phase 3 study of gilteritinib compared to placebo as maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key secondary endpoint was to determine the impact on survival of pre- and/or post-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD), as determined using a highly sensitive assay for FLT3-ITD mutations. Generally, gilteritinib maintenance therapy was associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for participants with detectable peri-HCT MRD, whereas no benefit was evident for those lacking detectable MRD.

Mesothelial cell responses to acute appendicitis or small bowel obstruction reactive ascites: Insights into immunoregulation of abdominal adhesion.

Previous abdominal surgery (PAS) increases risk of small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to adhesions, and appendectomy (appy) is an independent risk factor for abdominal adhesion-related complications. Peritoneal inflammation, e.g.

Structural Adaptations of the Anterolateral Complex of the Knee and Associated Tissues: A Comparative Anatomical and Histological Analysis of Knees With and Without an Anterolateral Ligament.

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is considered a secondary stabilizer of internal rotation and, due to proximity to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), it may contribute to anterolateral rotatory stability. This study characterized the anatomy of the ALL and associated tissues of the anterolateral complex (ALC) to determine if structural and histological compensatory adaptations exist in patients without an ALL. Forty-nine cadaveric knees were dissected from distal-to-proximal using established landmarks with the aid of internal rotation stress to localize the ALL (if present), LCL, iliotibial band (ITB), and anterolateral capsule.

Brainstem C1 neurons mediate heart failure decompensation and mortality during acute salt loading.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is an emerging epidemic worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the morbidity and mortality rate of HF remain high, and the global prevalence continues to rise. Common clinical features of HF include cardiac sympathoexcitation, disordered breathing, and kidney dysfunction; kidney dysfunction strongly contributes to sodium retention and fluid overload, leading to poor outcomes of HF patients.

Abdominal Fascial Plication and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Abdominoplasty Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Repair of the abdominal fascia at the time of abdominoplasty is a valuable method to improve the contour of the abdomen. However, this maneuver has been linked to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This review was undertaken to evaluate the evidence.

Unusual presentation of necrotising sarcoid granulomatosis in the liver, spleen and bone.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory multisystem disease characterised by non-necrotising granulomas that typically affect the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, skin, liver, spleen, heart, bones and joints. Although rare, necrotising granulomas can also occur. In this report, we present a case of a healthy woman in her 60s who presented with a 1-year history of fatigue and generalised body aches.

Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to May 2024.

Generative Artificial Intelligence Responses to Common Patient-Centric Hand and Wrist Surgery Questions: A Quality and Usability Analysis.

Due to the rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and its implications on patient education, there is a pressing need to evaluate AI responses to patients' medical questions. This study assessed the quality and usability of responses received from two prominent AI platforms to common patient-centric hand and wrist surgery questions. Twelve commonly encountered hand and wrist surgery patient questions were inputted twice into both Gemini and ChatGPT, generating 48 responses.

Stage-specific modulation of gene expression with muscle GAL4 promoters.

The bipartite GAL4/UAS system is the most widely used method for targeted gene expression in and facilitates rapid genetic experimentation. Defining precise gene expression patterns for tissues and/or cell types under GAL4 control will continue to evolve to suit experimental needs. However, the precise spatial and temporal expression patterns for some commonly used muscle tissue promoters are still unclear.

Carotid bodies mediate glial cell activation and neuroinflammation in the NTS following long-term intermittent hypoxia: role in cardiorespiratory dysfunction.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the main feature of obstructive sleep apnea, heightened chemosensory discharges of the carotid body (CB), which contributes to potentiate the ventilatory hypoxic response and elicits hypertension. We aimed to determine: 1) whether the persistence of cardiorespiratory alterations found in long-term CIH depend on the inputs from the CB and, 2) in what extension the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammation in the caudal region of the nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NTS) requires functional CB chemosensory activity. To evaluate these hypotheses, we exposed male mice to CIH for 60 days.