Prognostic impact of respiratory dysfunction in elderly patients with cervical spinal cord injury and/or fractures: a multicenter survey.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of early post-injury respiratory dysfunction for neurological and ambulatory ability recovery in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and/or fractures.

Methods: We included 1,353 elderly patients with SCI and/or fractures from 78 institutions in Japan. Patients who required early tracheostomy and ventilator management and those who developed respiratory complications were included in the respiratory dysfunction group, which was further classified into mild and severe respiratory groups based on respiratory weaning management.

Effect of mastication evaluation and intervention on body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: A limited number of studies have evaluated the masticatory indices of individuals with obesity who only chew their food a few times and for shorter duration or who were provided with an instructional intervention. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 6-month instructional mastication intervention on the body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity.

Methods: Female patients with obesity were randomly classified into a conventional treatment group (CTG; 12 individuals), which only received normal nutritional and exercise guidance, and a mastication intervention group (MIG; 16 individuals), which received an additional mastication guidance.

Survival Impact of Second-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Older Patients With Advanced Squamous-Cell NSCLC: Post Hoc Analysis of the CAPITAL Study.

Introduction: In the CAPITAL study, a randomized phase 3 study, wherein carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel treatment was compared with docetaxel treatment for older patients with squamous-cell lung cancer, the former became the new standard of care for such patients. Our study aimed to evaluate whether the efficacy of second-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) affected the primary analysis of overall survival (OS).

Methods: Herein, we performed a post hoc analysis of the impact of second-line ICIs on OS, safety in each group of participants aged more than 75 years, and intracycle nab-paclitaxel skip status.

A Retrospective, Multicenter, Observational Study to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes of Lorlatinib After Alectinib in Patients With -Positive NSCLC in Japan.

Introduction: Lorlatinib is an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of advanced + NSCLC. There has been little evidence about lorlatinib efficacy after first-line (1L) alectinib in clinical practice in Japan.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced + NSCLC previously treated with 1L alectinib at multiple sites in Japan.

A Retrospective Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Nanoliposomal Irinotecan in Elderly Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Although nanoliposomal irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (nal-IRI+5-FU/LV) has been used to treat first-line resistant unresectable pancreatic cancer, the efficacy and safety data among the elderly remain limited. We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes among elderly patients. Patients treated with nal-IRI+5-FU/LV were assigned to the elderly (≥75 years) and non-elderly (<75 years) groups.

Surgical Treatment for Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome in Japan: a Retrospective, Multicentre Study Using a National Clinical Registry.

Objective: Surgical treatment is an established method for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES), which, however, mainly derives from single centre experiences where PAES cases are centralised and treated periodically. This study evaluated clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for PAES in a clinical setting where PAES cases were not centralised.

Methods: Multicentre, retrospective cohort study using a national clinical registry.

Randomized phase II study of daily versus alternate-day administrations of S-1 for the elderly patients with completely resected pathological stage IA (tumor diameter > 2 cm)-IIIA of non-small cell lung cancer: Setouchi Lung Cancer Group Study 1201.

Background: It is shown that the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was associated with survival benefit in an elderly population. We aimed to analyze the feasibility and efficacy of alternate-day S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, for adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with completely resected pathological stage IA (tumor diameter > 2 cm) to IIIA (UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 7th edition) NSCLC.

Methods: Elderly patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy for one year consisting of either alternate-day oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m2/day) for 4 days a week (Arm A) or a daily oral administration of S-1 (80 mg/m2/day) for 14 consecutive days followed by 7-day rest (Arm B).

[A Case of Thrombocytopenia Following Minocycline Administration].

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with bleeding tendency and suggests the need for the immediate suspected drug withdrawal. Patients with drug-induced thrombocytopenia usually experience an acute drop in platelet (PLT) levels a week or two after starting a new medication. Thrombocytopenia has both immune and non-immune mechanisms.

Inoculation of lymphocytes from young mice prevents progression of age-related hearing loss in a senescence-associated mouse model.

Despite the increase in age-related hearing loss (ARHL) prevalence owing to increased population aging, preventive measures against ARHL have not yet been established. The immune system becomes one of the most dysfunctional systems upon aging, and immunosenescence greatly affects homeostasis and promotes systemic aging along with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine whether immuno-rejuvenation procedures can prevent ARHL and have clinical applications as well as to analyze the communication mechanisms between the systemic immune system and the cochlea using a murine model.

Adenoid Ameloblastoma with BRAF p.V600E Mutation Revealing Ameloblastomatous Origin: A First Case Report.

Background: Adenoid ameloblastoma (AdAM) is a frequently recurrent tumor that shows hybrid histological features of both ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). AdAM is expected to be classified as a new subtype of ameloblastoma in the next revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) odontogenic tumor classification. However, whether AdAM is a histologic variant of ameloblastoma or AOT remains unclear.

Areas of Crush Nuclear Streaming Should Be Included as Tumor Content in the Era of Molecular Diagnostics.

Degenerated tissues are frequently observed in malignant tumors, but are not analyzed. We investigated whether nuclear streaming and necrosis samples could be used for genetic analysis to expand the sample pool. A total of 81 samples were extracted from small cell carcinoma and lymphoma FFPE tissue blocks and classified into three histological cohorts: 33 materials with well-preserved tumor morphology, 31 nuclear streaming samples, and 17 necrosis samples.

HDR-brachytherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation: Long-term experience from a Japanese institution.

Purpose: We investigated the long-term oncological outcome of high-dose-rate (HDR) multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy (MIB) for adjuvant accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) after breast conserving surgery in Japanese patients.

Material And Methods: Between June 2002 and October 2011, 86 breast cancer patients were treated at National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital (trial number of the local institutional review board, 0329). Median age was 48 years (range, 26-73 years).

Tailored opening questions to the context of using medical questionnaires: Qualitative analysis in first-visit consultations.

Background: Communication skills required for doctors do not consist of simple uses of particular linguistic forms but include uses that are sensitive to the interactional context. In consultations where the doctors have pre-existing information about their patients, this can complicate the context of problem solicitation. We investigated how doctors tailor opening questions to a context in which they get pre-existing information from a medical questionnaire (MQ) filled out by the patients.

Age-Stratified Analysis of First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence from a Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Chemoimmunotherapy improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in two phase III trials. They set the age-stratified subgroup analyses at 65 years; however, over half of the patients with lung cancer were newly diagnosed at ≥75 years in Japan. Therefore, treatment efficacy and safety in elderly patients ≥ 75 years with ES-SCLC should be evaluated through real-world Japanese evidence.

Comparative Clinical Analysis of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion at L5/S1 versus Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion (MIS-TLIF) for Degenerative Lumbosacral Disorders.

Introduction: Since 2015, we have performed minimally invasive oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) at L5/S1 for various lumbosacral spine disorders using percutaneous pedicle screws. This study evaluated the clinical and radiologic results between OLIF at L5/S1 and minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for single to multilevel degenerative lumbosacral disorders.

Methods: A total of 124 patients underwent either OLIF (62 cases) or MIS-TLIF (62 cases).