Surgical indication for and desirable outcomes of conversion surgery in patients with initially unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Aim of this review is to propose an acceptable surgical indication for conversion surgery in patients with initially unresectable (UR) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by considering desirable outcomes, including resectability, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was conducted through July 15, 2019. Eligible studies were those reporting on patients with UR-PDAC who underwent surgery.

Intractable diseases treated with intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is used to treat hematological disorders, autoimmune diseases (ADs) and lymphoid cancers. Intra bone marrow-BMT (IBM-BMT) has been proven to be a powerful strategy for allogeneic BMT due to the rapid hematopoietic recovery and the complete restoration of T cell functions. IBM-BMT not only replaces hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).

Stem cell treatment for type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common chronic disease in children, characterized by a loss of β cells, which results in defects in insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia causes diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Curative therapies mainly include diet and insulin administration.

Mesenchymal stem cells for inducing tolerance in organ transplantation.

Organ transplantation is useful for treating the end stage of organ failure. The induction of tolerance to the transplanted organ is essential for its long-term survival. Immunologic tolerance can be induced by immunosuppressive agents and mixed chimerism.

Vasodilating prostaglandin E does not reproduce interleukin-1β-induced oxygen metabolism abnormalities in rabbits.

Background: We have reported that administration of recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1β induced circulatory shock in rabbits by causing overproduction of vasodilating prostaglandin(s) and simultaneously impaired oxygen metabolism by causing an abnormal dependence of oxygen consumption (VO) on oxygen delivery (DO). The present study was carried out to compare the effect of administration of exogenous PGE with that of IL-1β on oxygen metabolism.

Methods: Sixteen rabbits were assigned to one of three groups and given a single injection of 10 μg/kg IL-1β (IL-1β group,  = 5), continuous infusion of 1 μg/kg/min PGE (PGE group,  = 6), or saline (control group,  = 5).