GLP-1 receptor signaling restores aquaporin 4 subcellular polarization in reactive astrocytes and promotes amyloid β clearance in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

The physiological actions of a gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain remain poorly understood, although GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in this organ has been shown in several experimental studies. Therefore, we explored whether the GLP-1R signaling promotes the clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) (1-42) which is a core pathological hallmark of AD, focusing on the water channel protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) localized to astrocyte endfeet perivascular membranes in intact brain. First, we confirmed that Glp1r mRNA is predominantly expressed at perivascular site of astrocytes in normal mouse cerebral cortex through in situ hybridization analysis.

Stepwise cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with type 2 diabetes based on coronary CT assessment.

Background: We aimed to examine the stepwise risk stratification for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with DM and suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Method: 1187 patients with suspected CAD enrolled in a prospective cohort study were examined. The patients were evaluated step-by-step with coronary artery calcification (CAC), coronary artery stenosis (CAS), and FFR analysis.

Network meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychotherapies with or without medication for treating adult depression.

Objective: To ascertain whether psychotherapies combined with medication are more efficacious than those without medication and determine which combinations yield the best results.

Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing behavioural activation (BA), psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy (DYN), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), individual face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT (ftf)), group cognitive behavioural therapy (gCBT), and computerised or internet cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) with each other, or with treatment-as-usual (TAU) and wait list control (WLC) among adults formally diagnosed with depression. The psychotherapy arms were categorised as either psychotherapy alone or psychotherapy combined with medication (+ ).

Characterization of acrylic phantom for use in quality assurance of BNCT beam output procedure.

The accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) system has been approved for specific cases covered by health insurance, and clinical trials for new cases in Japan are currently being conducted on other systems. Owing to the progress of accelerator-based BNCT, the operation of medical physics must be rendered more efficient. A water phantom is used for the quality assurance (QA) of the BNCT beam output procedure; however, a solid phantom is preferred for routine QA because of its ease of use.

Formation mechanism of iron-catechol complexes in the colored periostracum of Corbicula spp.

The shell color of Corbicula clams, which are globally distributed, is roughly divided into yellowish and blackish depending on the environmental conditions of the sediment. The formation of an iron-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) complex in a thin organic layer, called the periostracum, on a calcareous layer causes the blackening of the clamshell. However, the iron-DOPA complex formation mechanism is unclear.

Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors for Viabahn Stent Graft Occlusion in the Treatment of Visceral Arterial Injuries in Cancer Patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of placing Viabahn stent grafts in visceral arterial injuries and identify the risk factors associated with stent graft occlusion.

Material And Method: This multicenter, retrospective study included 29 procedures performed on 26 patients who underwent Viabahn stent graft placement between December 2017 and November 2022. We evaluated technical and clinical success rates, periprocedural complications, and stent graft patency using contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Development of a new genotype-phenotype linked antibody screening system.

Antibodies are powerful tools for the therapy and diagnosis of various diseases. In addition to conventional hybridoma-based screening, recombinant antibody-based screening has become a common choice; however, its application is hampered by two factors: (1) screening starts after Ig gene cloning and recombinant antibody production only, and (2) the antibody is composed of paired chains, heavy and light, commonly expressed by two independent expression vectors. Here, we introduce a method for the rapid screening of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by establishing a Golden Gate-based dual-expression vector and in-vivo expression of membrane-bound antibodies.

Real-world incidence of and risk factors for abemaciclib-induced interstitial lung disease in Japan: a nested case-control study of abemaciclib-induced interstitial lung disease (NOSIDE).

Purpose: The exact incidence of and risk factors for interstitial lung disease (ILD), a serious side effect of abemaciclib, remain unknown in real-world settings. We examined the incidence of and risk factors for abemaciclib-induced ILD in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) in Japan.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective clinical information was collected from charts of patients with ABC who had started abemaciclib treatment at 77 participating institutions between November 30, 2018 and December 31, 2019.

The effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 on neovascular vessels depends on the stage of angiogenesis.

Objective: The exact relationship between fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) remains unclear. In this study, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and FGF2-tg mice which are transgenic mice with a rhodopsin promoter/FGF2 gene fusion, we aimed to investigate the dynamics of FGF2's role in angiogenesis over time.

Methods: We developed laser-induced CNV models of FGF2-tg and wild-type (WT) mice and then separated them into two groups using different laser photocoagulation (PC) conditions.

Center of Pressure in Relation to Foot Morphology and Knee Symptoms in Older Women With Medial Knee Joint Deformity: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objective: To examine the correlations amongst center of pressure (COP) trajectories, foot morphology, and knee symptoms in older women with medial knee deformity.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Setting: Participants were recruited from 2 local orthopedic clinics.

A multisite observational real-world study on the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for patients with treatment-resistant depression in Japan.

The objective of this study was to reveal the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in clinical practice, based on real-world data from a nationwide multicenter observational study in Japan. Clinical data of patients with TRD treated with rTMS (NeuroStar TMS treatment system) under public insurance coverage were retrospectively collected from 21 institutes nationwide between June 2019 and December 2023. Depression severity was assessed by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17).

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevus and its treatment with immunosuppressant eye drops.

Purpose: To clarify the clinical and pathologic findings of 7 patients with inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevus (IJCN) treated with tacrolimus.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Subjects And Methods: The medical records of 7 male patients diagnosed with IJCN between February 2007 and October 2022 at the Kansai Medical University Hospital and Ideta Eye Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Platelet activation through CD62P and the formation of platelet-monocyte complexes are associated with the exacerbation of mucosal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory, chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Although platelets are activated in UC, their relevance in pathophysiology remains unclear. We analyzed the correlation of platelet activation and platelet-monocyte complexes (PMCs) with severity of mucosal inflammation using the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES).