Nipple reduction using the mushroom flap technique for male transgender.

Nipple reduction is a well-established procedure that is widely used and can improve the self-confidence of male transgender individuals. The nipple reduction procedure in male transgender individuals differs from that in cisgender females due to a greater disparity in postoperative nipple sizes compared to preoperative sizes. Flaps used in male transgender nipple reduction should be simple to avoid skin necrosis.

Forehead and Hairline Surgery for Gender Affirmation.

Background: With the improvement of the results of surgical treatment for facial transformation globally, many female transgender individuals seek surgical management for their faces, especially the forehead and hairline. These are critical aspects in the surgical management of the frontonasal-orbital area because the anatomy of the frontal sinuses is complicated and shows a high variation.

Methods: The author presents a grid method to measure the boundary of the frontal sinus in the female transgender forehead contouring and reconstruction.

Anatomy of medial plantar superficial branch artery perforators: Facilitation of medial plantar superficial branch artery perforator (MPAP) flap harvesting and design for finger pulp reconstruction.

Background: Medial plantar artery perforator (MPAP) flap was proposed as proper option for finger pulp reconstruction. To provide the previously unavailable vessel information required for this small flap design, this study aimed to gather all necessary anatomy of MPA, MPAP, and their territories of blood supply to apply in clinical MPAP flap reconstruction minimizing perforator injury.

Methods: Dissection of 30 Thai cadaveric feet for visualizing superficial branch of MPA and its perforators (MPAP) using acrylic dye cannulation were performed.