The characteristics of foreign bodies aspirated by children across different continents: A comparative review.

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common issue in pediatric emergencies, with regional variations. Various cultures and foods, parents' and physicians' inadequate experience, and lack of bronchoscopy equipment are some attributable factors in the regional variation of FBA.

Aim: To more accurately represent the demographic characteristics of aspirated foreign bodies (FBs) across various continents, this review attempted to provide organized information based on the reviewed articles.

Results of Injection Sclerotherapy with Bleomycin in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of injection sclerotherapy with bleomycin in pediatric patients with lymphatic malformations.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective cohort study, all consenting pediatric patients with macrocystic lymphatic malformations were managed with injection bleomycin sclerotherapy (0.5 mg/kg, not exceeding 5 mg at a time) under ultrasound (US) guidance.

Predictors of poor outcome in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Background And Objective: Nearly 50% of the children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) have a frequently relapsing (FR) or steroid dependent (SD) course, experiencing steroid toxicities and complications of immunosuppression. The study aimed to compare parameters between children with infrequent relapsing (IFR) and FR/SD nephrotic syndrome and to identify the factors associated with a FR/SD course.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records from 2009 to 2014, of children with SSNS attending the pediatric nephrology clinic in a tertiary care medical college and hospital.

Morbidity Profile of Adolescents Admitted in a General Pediatric Ward.

We studied the morbidity pattern of inpatient adolescents over a period of 17 months. Of 32115 admissions in this period, 2742 were adolescents (39.7% females).

Diagnostic accuracy of Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) in chidren aged 2-9 years.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) in children aged 2-9 year at high risk of autism, and to ascertain the level of agreement with Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).

Design: Diagnostic Accuracy study.

Setting: Tertiary-level hospital.

The impact of pediatric nephrotic syndrome on parents' health-related quality of life and family functioning: an assessment made by the PedsQL 4.0 family impact module.

The multi-dimensional impact on the quality of life (QOL) of families of children with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) has not been studied sufficiently in the literature. We aimed to study this aspect and the predictors of poor QOL among Indian families having children with NS. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the parents of children with chronic NS on treatment for at least one year with parents of a matched healthy control group.

Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay seroreactivity among healthy Indian donors and its association with other transfusion transmitted diseases.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis infection by Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) among blood donors in Delhi and to study their correlation with other markers of transfusion transmitted infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) so as to establish the utility of TPHA over and above venereal diseases research laboratory test (VDRL), not only as a marker for testing T. pallidum infection, but also as a marker of high risk behavior.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi for a period of 2 years.

Incorporating developmental screening and surveillance of young children in office practice.

Context: Developmental concerns voiced by parents need to be responded to by structured developmental screening. Screening is the use of validated developmental screening tools to identify children with high risk of developmental delay out of an apparently normal population, while surveillance is the process of monitoring children identified as high risk by screening. Absence of routine screening can be attributed to problems at the level of parents, pediatricians or National policies.

Newer anti-epileptic drugs.

Need And Purpose Of Review: A number of newer anti-epileptic drugs have been developed in the last few years to improve the treatment outcomes in epilepsy. In this review, we discuss the use of newer anti-epileptic drugs in children.

Methods Used For Locating, Selecting, Extracting And Synthesizing Data: MEDLINE search (1966-2013) was performed using terms newer anti-epileptic drugs, Oxcarbazepine, vigabatrin, topiramate, zonisamide, levetiracetam, lacosamide, rufinamide, stiripentol, retigabine, eslicarbazepine, brivaracetam, ganaxolone and perampanel for reports on use in children.

Inadvertent chest tube insertion in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital lobar emphysema-highlighting an important problem.

Background: Chest tube insertion in congenital cystic lung lesions is an important problem in children with acute respiratory distress having a cystic lucent lesion on chest radiograph.

Objective: To evaluate the imaging findings and complications in cases of congenital cystic lung lesions with chest tube insertion and suggest the role of appropriate imaging for management of these patients.

Materials And Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of children with congenital cystic lung lesions who had inadvertent chest tube insertion preoperatively were retrospectively reviewed for imaging appearances and complications.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1: management issues.

We report a newborn girl with life-threatening hyperkalemia and salt wasting crisis due to severe autosomal recessive multiple target organ dysfunction pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (MTOD PHA1). She was aggressively managed with intravenous fluids, potassium-lowering agents, high-dose sodium chloride supplementation and peritoneal dialysis. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous mutation of the α- ENaC (epithelial Na(+) channel) gene.

Etiology and prognostic factors of acute liver failure in children.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition characterized by jaundice, encephalopathy and coagulopathy leading to multiorgan failure in a patient with no prior history of liver disease. Forty three consecutive patients of ALF admitted in Pediatric ICU were studied for etiology and prognostic factors. Etiology was established in 91% cases.

Current status of acquired syphilis: A hospital-based 5-year study.

Introduction: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infection shows regional variations. Though a rising trend of prevalence of viral STI s has been observed, syphilis still continues to remain a commonly diagnosed STI.

Aim: To study the current status of acquired syphilis in a tertiary care hospital.

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with steroid sulfatase deficiency-x-linked recessive ichthyosis: a case report and review of literature.

Unlabelled: Nephrotic syndrome associated with X-linked recessive ichthyosis due to steroid sulfatase deficiency has rarely been reported in English literature. We describe a 4 and a half-year-old boy presenting with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) with an underlying ichthyotic skin present since birth. Renal biopsy revealed minimal change disease.

Validation of IMNCI algorithm for young infants (0-2 months) in India.

Objective: To check the validity of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) algorithm for young infants (0-2 months).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: The outpatient department and emergency room of a medical college attached hospital.

Tobacco interventions and anaesthesia- a review.

Tobacco use is the leading preventable agent of death in the world. It is manufactured on a large scale in India and has a huge international market also. Death toll from tobacco use is on the rise.

Hypertrichosis lanuginosa congenita.

Hypertrichosis lanuginosa congenita is a rare, autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder with sporadic presentations reported. It manifests at birth with the affected infant presenting with excessive lanugo hair covering the entire body surface, sparing palms, soles, and mucous membranes. The hypertrichosis may increase or decrease during childhood, but the lanugo character of hairs may be retained even after puberty.

Antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin in children with acquired aplastic anemia.

Objective: To assess the responses to ATG and cyclosporin combination in patients of aplastic anemia.

Methods: Twenty three (17M: 6F) patients of aplastic anemia (11 very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) and 12 severe aplastic anemia (SAA), were administered antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin.

Results: The median age of patents was 8 years (range 6-12 years).

Diamond-Blackfan anemia: clinical features and treatment results in 4 cases.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare hematological disease characterized by selective marrow erythroid hypoplasia. We present the clinical and hematological profile and results of treatment in four children. The median age at presentation was 14 months with a median age of onset of pallor at 7.