The Mayo brothers: an American surgical legacy.

Few in the history of surgery and just as few in the history of medicine can reach the level of clinical visibility as achieved by the Mayo brothers. The brothers changed the face of medicine while they were alive, and their fame and influence continued to grow after their death in 1939. The Mayo American surgical legacy had incredible proportions.

Sport-related performance anxiety in young female athletes.

The prevalence of anxiety disorders in adolescents range from 6% to 20%, and it is much higher for anxiety symptoms not meeting criteria for a specific anxiety disorder. The prevalence is much higher in females. Athletes participating in sports experience different levels of stress from competitive sports.

Left ventricular noncompaction and myocardial fibrosis: a case report.

Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare congenital abnormality. It is currently classified as a genetic cardiomyopathy and results from early arrest of endomyocardial morphogenesis. The pathophysiology of left ventricular dysfunction, which becomes apparent beyond the 4th decade of life, is unclear.

Female sexual dysfunction and adolescents.

Purpose Of Review: To review recent publications in the area of sexual dysfunction in females including the adolescent age group.

Recent Findings: Though as many as 40% of adult females have a sexual dysfunction, the incidence among adolescent females is unknown. Though over half of adolescents are sexually active, sexual dysfunction is not a term universally accepted among the general public as well as researchers.

Intracellular calcium signaling pathways during liver ischemia and reperfusion.

Calcium plays a major role in intracellular signaling mechanisms during ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury of a liver cell. Under ischemic conditions, the absence of oxygen arrests oxidative phosphorylation, thereby eliminating the energy source by which hepatocellular mechanisms maintain homeostasis of calcium. This, in turn, leaves nonselective plasma membrane influx pores unopposed and results in a net increase in intracellular calcium concentrations.

Surgical research IV.

Harvey W. Cushing (1869-1939) is the only surgeon represented in Surgical Research IV and one of the most accomplished American contributors to surgical research in general and to neurological and endocrine surgery research in particular. Other surgical research leaders of the 19th and 20th centuries who preceded Harvey Cushing have been introduced before.

Ibandronate and nonvertebral fracture efficacy: results of a recent pooled analysis.

The nonvertebral efficacy of ibandronate is demonstrated by a pooled analysis of all relevant clinical trials. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Cranney A, Wells GA, Yetisir E, et al. Ibandronate for the prevention of nonvertebral fractures: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.

METEOR Trial Reports on the Effect of Rosuvastatin on Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Low-Risk Individuals with Subclinical Atherosclerosis.

The data from the METEOR trial show that asymptomatic low-risk patients treated with rosuvastatin have a reduction in progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) over 2 years versus placebo. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Crouse JR 3rd, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al; METEOR Study Group. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial.

Energy drinks: a review of use and safety for athletes.

Energy drinks have increased in popularity in adolescents and young adults; however, concerns have been raised regarding the ingredients in energy drinks and their potential negative effects on health. Caffeine, the most physiologically active ingredient in energy drinks, is generally considered safe by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), although adverse effects can occur at varying amounts. Guarana, which contains caffeine in addition to small amounts of theobromine, theophylline, and tannins, is also recognized as safe by the FDA, although it may lead to caffeine toxicity when combined with caffeine.

Surgical Research III.

In the "Importance of Medical and Surgical Research" (Surgical Research I), we introduced research as the key factor in the advancement of medicine and surgery. In Surgical Research II, we presented William Beaumont, Samuel Gross, and William Halsted as the main protagonists of the first wave of American surgical researchers during the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries. In this writing, i.

Sport-related concussion in adolescents.

Sport-related concussion is a common problem encountered by pediatricians and other primary care physicians. Assessment of concussion is based on clinical evaluation. The Zurich consensus statement provides a basic framework to guide concussion management decisions and recommends an individualized approach and the exercising of clinical judgment in return-to-play decisions.

Bleeding at circumcision: patient or operator issue?

Objective: The goal of this study is to define precisely bleeding after circumcision and to determine whether patient-related variables or experience of the operator is associated with subsequent bleeding.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 537 consecutive Gomco circumcisions. The authors defined bleeding and operator experience, both current and long term, and sought to correlate them.

Christiaan Barnard.

Christiaan Neethling Barnard (1922-2002) was an accomplished cardiac surgeon and researcher who made significant contributions to the development of the discipline. He performed the first human-to-human heart transplant in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. He was trained in cardiac surgery at the University of Minnesota under pioneer surgeons C.

Birth of scientific surgery. John Hunter versus Joseph Lister as the father or founder of scientific surgery.

John Hunter (1728-1793) has frequently been considered the "Father or Founder of Scientific Surgery". His inscription at Westminster Abbey presents him as "a gifted interpreter of the Divine Power and wisdom at work in the laws of organic life and the Founder of Scientific Surgery." I take issue with Hunter being considered the father or founder of scientific surgery and propose Joseph Lister (1827-1912) as the one who should receive this consideration.

Future of vascular surgery is in the office.

Objective: The practice of vascular surgery is under pressure from various specialties and payers. Our group started office-based procedures in May 2007. This article reports our study of the effect of this change on our case volume, office revenue, and the financial impact on the health care system.

Assessing maternal risk for fetal-infant mortality: a population-based study to prioritize risk reduction in a healthy start community.

Study goals were to distinguish between maternal risk factors for fetal versus infant mortality, and to identify which maternal characteristics contributed the greatest risk of mortality overall. This case-control retrospective study abstracted data on more than forty maternal characteristics from 261 prenatal and delivery records: all 26 fetal deaths, all 40 infant deaths and 195 randomly selected surviving births in a high-mortality Healthy Start community. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.

A neurosciences-in-psychiatry curriculum project for residents in psychiatry.

Objective: The author describes a 20-session, student-centered course relating contemporary neuroscience to psychiatry for second-year psychiatric residents.

Methods: Twenty residents who took the course (2003-2007) completed pre- and postcourse surveys and were contacted for more remote follow-up regarding the course.

Results: Survey results are predominantly qualitative and positive.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and epidural pneumatosis in an adolescent precipitated by weight lifting: a case report and review.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon condition in athletes. The most common cause of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is alveolar rupture into the bronchovascular sheath as a result of increased intrathoracic pressure. Epidural pneumatosis (pneumorrhachis) has been rarely associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

Pharmacologic agents for smoking cessation: a clinical review.

Tobacco use has been clearly demonstrated to have negative health consequences. Smoking cigarettes is the predominant method of tobacco use. The tar contained within cigarettes and other similar products is also harmful.

Single port access transumbilical laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using the SILS Port: first reported case.

The emergence of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has brought significantly more attention to the single-incision transumbilical laparoscopic approach (SILS) for minimally invasive surgery. SILS combines the cosmetic advantage of NOTES with the technical familiarity of the conventional multiport laparoscopic approach. Additionally, SILS does not involve penetration of an organ, nor does it involve the steep learning curve and costly instruments associated with NOTES.

Early experience with SILS port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Ever since single-incision laparoscopic surgery was introduced 12 years ago, it has undergone many attempts to improve its feasibility and accessibility. We herein are reporting our early experience with SILS Port as a multichannel single-port access to perform laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Methods: Six morbidly obese patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using the SILS Port as a common point of entry for 3 trocars.

Three trocar laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass: a novel technique en route to the single-incision laparoscopic approach.

Background: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the gold standard bariatric procedure. Typically, the procedure necessitates five to seven small skin incisions for trocar placement. The senior author (AA Saber) has developed a three-trocar approach for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.